1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Teoria da objetificação: aplicabilidades no contexto brasileiro
Full text linkEste estudo, realizado na Escola de Ciências da Saúde da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, junto ao grupo de pesquisa Preconceito, Vulnerabilidade e Processos Psicossociais da unidade da Psicologia Social, teve como principal objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade da teoria da objetificação em mulheres brasileiras. Esta teoria parte de uma visão sócio-construtivista, buscando entender as consequências para a saúde mental de ser mulher em uma sociedade que objetifica sexualmente os corpos femininos. A objetificação sexual de meninas e mulheres é um fenômeno derivado de uma sociedade machista e portanto a categoria de análise feminista gênero faz-se necessária para compreender tais efeitos nas experiências corporais e psicológicas que constituem os sujeitos. A principal consequência proposta pela teoria a partir da vivência de contextos objetificantes recorrentes é a internalização de uma visão de observador sobre seus corpos, que levaria meninas e mulheres a tratarem a si mesmas, em algum nível, como objetos para serem olhados e avaliados. Se propõem que este self objetificado venha acompanhado de outras experiências psicológicas e emoções que levam ao sofrimento psíquico, como o constante auto-monitoramento corporal, a ansiedade de aparência e a vergonha corporal. O acúmulo destas experiências pode auxiliar a explicar, pelo menos parcialmente, a razão pela qual determinados desenlaces prejudiciais como os transtornos depressivos (T.D) e alimentares (T.A) acometem mais mulheres do que homens. Para avaliar a aplicabilidade deste enquadramento teórico, que já mostrou-se válido em populações de diversos países, construímos um survey composto pelo Questionário de Objetficação do Self, a Escala de Auto-Monitoramento Corporal, a Escala de Vergonha Corporal, a Escala de Ansiedade de Aparência, o Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT-26), as Escalas de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress (EADS-21), o Questionário de Atitudes Sócio-Culturais em Relação à Aparência (SATAQ-3) além de um questionário sócio-demográfico e com perguntas relativas à práticas de beleza e alteração da aparência. Os primeiros quatro instrumentos mencionados foram traduzidos e produziu-se evidências de validade e fidedignidade em relação as escalas originais. O instrumento SATAQ-3, que acessa construtos similares relativos à internalização de esteriótipos de beleza e está validado no Brasil, foi utilizado como medida de validação para avaliar a convergência com as escalas traduzidas. O survey foi disponibilizado a partir da plataforma on-line Qualtrics. As participantes foram mulheres do Rio Grande do Sul, com pelo menos 18 anos, estudantes de diversos cursos de graduação. Atingiu-se uma amostra total de 621, cumprindo os critérios necessários relativos à quantidade de participantes para cada item das escalas adaptadas. Para fins de homogeneidade, apenas os dados das mulheres estudantes de cursos de psicologia foram utilizados para testar o modelo de objetificação proposto, fechando uma amostra de 371. A hipótese inicial era de que níveis mais altos de objetificação do self e auto-monitoramento corporal se relacionariam com escores mais altos nas escalas de sintomatologia depressiva e de transtornos alimentares, mediados pelas variáveis de vergonha corporal e ansiedade de aparência. Para testar a hipótese, foi utilizado o método Bayesian Networks (BN), que apesar de clássico na produção de modelos gráficos probabilísticos, não havia sido utilizado previamente para o enquadramento da teoria da objetificação. O principal valor deste método reside em sua capacidade exploratória quemodela a estrutura geral de dependência de variáveis múltiplas, gerando um gráfico com os caminhos percorridos por estas relações. Diferente do modelo clássico proposto, nossos resultados indicaram caminhos diferentes para os desfechos de depressão e transtornos alimentares, onde neste primeiro houve uma contribuição maior da variável ansiedade de aparência enquanto que no segundo a variável mediadora mais significativa foi a vergonha corporal. Apesar do auto-monitoramento ter apresentado uma ligação direta com à sintomatologia de T.A, ele não se relacionou com a vergonha corporal, sugerindo que esta emoção negativa pode existir e ter um papel importante no desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares mesmo que não haja um comportamento constante de monitoramento do corpo. No geral, acreditamos que esta primeira abordagem mostra que a teoria da objetificação pode ser utilizada para entender algumas das experiências de objetificação sexual de mulheres brasileiras e suas consequências para a saúde mental. Nossas limitações incluem uma amostra de mulheres não diversificada em termos étnicos, regionais, de classe econômica e orientação sexual, logo sugere-se a ampliação de pesquisas neste sentido bem como um aprofundamento mais qualitativo para entender outras especificidades do contexto brasileiro que podem não ter aparecido no presente estudo.This paper prepared as part of the researches conducted by the Research Group Prejudice, Vulnerability and Psychosocial Process of the School of Health Sciences of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS, had the goal to evaluate the applicability of objectification theory in Brazilian women. This theory has a social-constructionist view, trying to understand the mental health consequences of being a woman in a society that sexually objectifies the female body. Sexual objectification is a phenomenon derived from s sexist society, there for the feminist analytical category of gender is necessary to comprehend this effects on corporeal and psychological experiences which constitute the subject. The main consequence proposed by the theory of living recurrent objectifying contexts is the internalization of an observer's perspective upon one's own body, leading girls and women to treat themselves, in some level, as objects to be looked at and evaluated. It is suggested that this objectified self is accompanied by other psychological experiences and emotions that lead to psychic suffering, such as habitual body monitoring, appearance anxiety and body shame. The accumulation of these experiences can help explain, at least partially, why certain detrimental outcomes such as depressive (D.D) and eating disorders (D.E) affect more women than men. To evaluate the applicability of this theoretical framework, which has proven to be valid in populations of many countries, we built a survey composed by the Self-Objectification Questionnaire, the Body Surveillance Scale, the Body Shame Scale, the Appearance Anxiety, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Scales of Anxiety, Depression and Stress (DASS-21), the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3) as well as a socio-demographic questionnaire and questions related to beauty practices and changes in appearance. The first four instruments mentioned were translated and evidence of validity and reliability was produced in relation to the original scales.The instrument SATAQ-3, which accesses similar constructs related to the internalization of beauty stereotypes and is validated in Brazil, was used as a validation measure to evaluate the convergence with the translated scales. The survey was made available through the online platform Qualtrics. The participants were women from Rio Grande do Sul, with at least 18 years of age, students from several undergraduate courses. A total sample of 621 was achieved, fulfilling the necessary criteria regarding the number of participants for each item of the adapted scales. For purposes of homogeneity, only the data from women who were students in psychology courses were used to test the proposed model of objectification, culminating in a sample of 371. The initial hypothesis was that higher levels of self-objectification and habitual body monitoring would relate to higher scores on depressive and eating disorders symptomatology scales, mediated by the variables of body shame and appearance anxiety. To test this hypothesis, the Bayesian Networks (BN) method was used. Although classical in the production of probabilistic graphical models, this method had not previously been used for the purposed of objectification theory framework. The main value of this method lies in its exploratory capacity that models the general structure of dependence of multiple variables, generating a graphic with the paths of these relations. Differently from the classic model proposed, our results indicated different paths for the outcomes of depression and eating disorders, where in the first one there was a greater contribution of the appearance anxiety variable while in the second the most significant mediating variable was body shame. Although self-surveillance has shown a direct link to the symptomatology of D.E, it didn't relate to body shame, suggesting that this negative emotion may exist and play an important role in the development of eating disorders even if there is no constant habitual body monitoring. Overall, we believe that this first approach shows that objectification theory can be used to understand some of the experiences of sexual objectification of Brazilian women and their consequences for mental health. Our limitations include a sample of women not diversified in ethnic, regional, economic class and sexual orientation aspects, thus we suggest the expansion of research in this sense as well as a more qualitative deepening to understand other specificities of the Brazilian context that may not have appeared in the present study
Teoria da objetifica??o : aplicabilidades no contexto brasileiro
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Previous issue date: 2018-03-23This paper prepared as part of the researches conducted by the Research Group Prejudice, Vulnerability and Psychosocial Process of the School of Health Sciences of the Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul ? PUCRS, had the goal to evaluate the applicability of objectification theory in Brazilian women. This theory has a social-constructionist view, trying to understand the mental health consequences of being a woman in a society that sexually objectifies the female body. Sexual objectification is a phenomenon derived from s sexist society, there for the feminist analytical category of gender is necessary to comprehend this effects on corporeal and psychological experiences which constitute the subject. The main consequence proposed by the theory of living recurrent objectifying contexts is the internalization of an observer's perspective upon one's own body, leading girls and women to treat themselves, in some level, as objects to be looked at and evaluated. It is suggested that this objectified self is accompanied by other psychological experiences and emotions that lead to psychic suffering, such as habitual body monitoring, appearance anxiety and body shame. The accumulation of these experiences can help explain, at least partially, why certain detrimental outcomes such as depressive (D.D) and eating disorders (D.E) affect more women than men. To evaluate the applicability of this theoretical framework, which has proven to be valid in populations of many countries, we built a survey composed by the Self-Objectification Questionnaire, the Body Surveillance Scale, the Body Shame Scale, the Appearance Anxiety, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Scales of Anxiety, Depression and Stress (DASS-21), the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3) as well as a socio-demographic questionnaire and questions related to beauty practices and changes in appearance. The first four instruments mentioned were translated and evidence of validity and reliability was produced in relation to the original scales.The instrument SATAQ-3, which accesses similar constructs related to the internalization of beauty stereotypes and is validated in Brazil, was used as a validation measure to evaluate the convergence with the translated scales. The survey was made available through the online platform Qualtrics. The participants were women from Rio Grande do Sul, with at least 18 years of age, students from several undergraduate courses. A total sample of 621 was achieved, fulfilling the necessary criteria regarding the number of participants for each item of the adapted scales. For purposes of homogeneity, only the data from women who were students in psychology courses were used to test the proposed model of objectification, culminating in a sample of 371. The initial hypothesis was that higher levels of self-objectification and habitual body monitoring would relate to higher scores on depressive and eating disorders symptomatology scales, mediated by the variables of body shame and appearance anxiety. To test this hypothesis, the Bayesian Networks (BN) method was used. Although classical in the production of probabilistic graphical models, this method had not previously been used for the purposed of objectification theory framework. The main value of this method lies in its exploratory capacity that models the general structure of dependence of multiple variables, generating a graphic with the paths of these relations. Differently from the classic model proposed, our results indicated different paths for the outcomes of depression and eating disorders, where in the first one there was a greater contribution of the appearance anxiety variable while in the second the most significant mediating variable was body shame. Although self-surveillance has shown a direct link to the symptomatology of D.E, it didn't relate to body shame, suggesting that this negative emotion may exist and play an important role in the development of eating disorders even if there is no constant habitual body monitoring. Overall, we believe that this first approach shows that objectification theory can be used to understand some of the experiences of sexual objectification of Brazilian women and their consequences for mental health. Our limitations include a sample of women not diversified in ethnic, regional, economic class and sexual orientation aspects, thus we suggest the expansion of research in this sense as well as a more qualitative deepening to understand other specificities of the Brazilian context that may not have appeared in the present study.Este estudo, realizado na Escola de Ci?ncias da Sa?de da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, junto ao grupo de pesquisa Preconceito, Vulnerabilidade e Processos Psicossociais da unidade da Psicologia Social, teve como principal objetivo avaliar a aplicabilidade da teoria da objetifica??o em mulheres brasileiras. Esta teoria parte de uma vis?o s?cio-construtivista, buscando entender as consequ?ncias para a sa?de mental de ser mulher em uma sociedade que objetifica sexualmente os corpos femininos. A objetifica??o sexual de meninas e mulheres ? um fen?meno derivado de uma sociedade machista e portanto a categoria de an?lise feminista g?nero faz-se necess?ria para compreender tais efeitos nas experi?ncias corporais e psicol?gicas que constituem os sujeitos. A principal consequ?ncia proposta pela teoria a partir da viv?ncia de contextos objetificantes recorrentes ? a internaliza??o de uma vis?o de observador sobre seus corpos, que levaria meninas e mulheres a tratarem a si mesmas, em algum n?vel, como objetos para serem olhados e avaliados. Se prop?em que este self objetificado venha acompanhado de outras experi?ncias psicol?gicas e emo??es que levam ao sofrimento ps?quico, como o constante auto-monitoramento corporal, a ansiedade de apar?ncia e a vergonha corporal. O ac?mulo destas experi?ncias pode auxiliar a explicar, pelo menos parcialmente, a raz?o pela qual determinados desenlaces prejudiciais como os transtornos depressivos (T.D) e alimentares (T.A) acometem mais mulheres do que homens. Para avaliar a aplicabilidade deste enquadramento te?rico, que j? mostrou-se v?lido em popula??es de diversos pa?ses, constru?mos um survey composto pelo Question?rio de Objetfica??o do Self, a Escala de Auto-Monitoramento Corporal, a Escala de Vergonha Corporal, a Escala de Ansiedade de Apar?ncia, o Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT-26), as Escalas de Ansiedade, Depress?o e Stress (EADS-21), o Question?rio de Atitudes S?cio-Culturais em Rela??o ? Apar?ncia (SATAQ-3) al?m de um question?rio s?cio-demogr?fico e com perguntas relativas ? pr?ticas de beleza e altera??o da apar?ncia. Os primeiros quatro instrumentos mencionados foram traduzidos e produziu-se evid?ncias de validade e fidedignidade em rela??o as escalas originais. O instrumento SATAQ-3, que acessa construtos similares relativos ? internaliza??o de esteri?tipos de beleza e est? validado no Brasil, foi utilizado como medida de valida??o para avaliar a converg?ncia com as escalas traduzidas. O survey foi disponibilizado a partir da plataforma on-line Qualtrics. As participantes foram mulheres do Rio Grande do Sul, com pelo menos 18 anos, estudantes de diversos cursos de gradua??o. Atingiu-se uma amostra total de 621, cumprindo os crit?rios necess?rios relativos ? quantidade de participantes para cada item das escalas adaptadas. Para fins de homogeneidade, apenas os dados das mulheres estudantes de cursos de psicologia foram utilizados para testar o modelo de objetifica??o proposto, fechando uma amostra de 371. A hip?tese inicial era de que n?veis mais altos de objetifica??o do self e auto-monitoramento corporal se relacionariam com escores mais altos nas escalas de sintomatologia depressiva e de transtornos alimentares, mediados pelas vari?veis de vergonha corporal e ansiedade de apar?ncia. Para testar a hip?tese, foi utilizado o m?todo Bayesian Networks (BN), que apesar de cl?ssico na produ??o de modelos gr?ficos probabil?sticos, n?o havia sido utilizado previamente para o enquadramento da teoria da objetifica??o. O principal valor deste m?todo reside em sua capacidade explorat?ria quemodela a estrutura geral de depend?ncia de vari?veis m?ltiplas, gerando um gr?fico com os caminhos percorridos por estas rela??es. Diferente do modelo cl?ssico proposto, nossos resultados indicaram caminhos diferentes para os desfechos de depress?o e transtornos alimentares, onde neste primeiro houve uma contribui??o maior da vari?vel ansiedade de apar?ncia enquanto que no segundo a vari?vel mediadora mais significativa foi a vergonha corporal. Apesar do auto-monitoramento ter apresentado uma liga??o direta com ? sintomatologia de T.A, ele n?o se relacionou com a vergonha corporal, sugerindo que esta emo??o negativa pode existir e ter um papel importante no desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares mesmo que n?o haja um comportamento constante de monitoramento do corpo. No geral, acreditamos que esta primeira abordagem mostra que a teoria da objetifica??o pode ser utilizada para entender algumas das experi?ncias de objetifica??o sexual de mulheres brasileiras e suas consequ?ncias para a sa?de mental. Nossas limita??es incluem uma amostra de mulheres n?o diversificada em termos ?tnicos, regionais, de classe econ?mica e orienta??o sexual, logo sugere-se a amplia??o de pesquisas neste sentido bem como um aprofundamento mais qualitativo para entender outras especificidades do contexto brasileiro que podem n?o ter aparecido no presente estudo
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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