264,966 research outputs found
Face On, Face Off, Face Up: Kids discussion in two worlds
No full textAbstract for BERA Research on the Paideia Method (a method for discussing a topic) was conducted in 20 classrooms across five schools, of varying socio economic environments (ages 11-13) in Auckland, New Zealand in 2010. The researchers sought to further examine the results from their pilot study of the Paideia Seminar, entitled ‘Talking Allowed: I like it when the teacher lets us talk without telling us what to say’ trialed in 2008 (Sinclair & Davies, 2011). In addition, in order to provide the optimum conditions to prepare the students for the face to face seminars, an online component Moodle (open source software) was added as an alternative medium to assist students in their preparation. What happens to the Nature of Interaction and the Complexity of the Discussion when students participate in a Paideia Seminar and an on-line discussion in preparation for the face to face Seminar? What is the optimal role of the teacher when participating in a Paideia Seminar and an on-line discussion to increase complexity of discussion? This research also revealed the significance of the teacher’s role to the student-to-student responses being at a high complexity of thinking. For both the face-to-face seminars and the on-line Moodle discussion, when teachers provided opportunity and directions for students to garner domain knowledge, the resulting dialogue was higher in complexity. Ongoing challenge to students to provide evidence to support their statements was paramount. Furthermore, the study found that one of the conditions, which fostered this higher complexity of thinking, was in the selection of a highly provocative statement or question, which generated multiple perspectives. The study used a mixed method exploratory design, Cresswell (2003). The data for normative practice, on-line discussion and face to face was sub-divided into two main categories: The Nature of Interaction and The Complexity of the Discussion. The Nature of the Interaction was analysed according to the type of interaction – eg student to student with a question (SSQ). Within the Nature of Interaction, the dialogue in both on-line and face-to-face was analysed according to its complexity, using the five-stages of SOLO (the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes) taxonomy developed by Biggs and Collis (1982). The five stages of SOLO are prestructural, unistructural, multistructural, relational, and extended abstract. This study will contribute to the body of knowledge on how deep learning can be generated through student-to-student interactions, rather than teacher led discussions in both face-to-face and on-line dialogue
Lactarius indoviolaceus I. Bera & K. Das 2022, sp. nov.
No full textLactarius indoviolaceus I. Bera & K. Das sp. nov. Figs. 2, 3 MycoBank:— MB 844780 GenBank:— ON951745 (nrITS, Holotype) and ON951747 (nrITS) Diagnosis:—A medium-sized Lactarius that can be separated from its closest relative, L. pyriodorus with its non-zonate, greyish yellow pileus and yellowish white stipe which turn pale violet on bruising or exposure of the context, much thinner pileipellis, and growth under Castanopsis spp. Type:— INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng district: Shergaon, N 27°07.810’ E 092°15.116’, Elev. 2243 m, 22 July 2019, I . Bera & K. Das, IB 19-015 (CAL 1876, holotype!). Etymology:—The epithet refers to the basidiomata staining pale violet on bruising and occurring in India. Description:— Pileus 65–75 mm diam., planoconvex with a deep central depression; surface moist, very greasy, finely and faintly rugulose in the centre, greyish yellow (4B3) at centre, lighter towards margin; margin regular, entire, smooth, incurved. Lamellae subdecurrent, close (10 L+l /cm at pilear margin), sometimes forked; lamellulae present, in 5 series; edge entire; yellowish grey (3–4B3), immediately turning pale violet (17A3) on bruising. Stipe 120–140 × 2–2.5 mm, central, cylindric with much broader base; surface viscid, finely rugulose, yellowish white (1–2A2) changing to pale violet on bruising, white mycelium present at the base. Context in pileus thin, pithy in stipe, yellowish white (1A2), almost immediately turning pale violet to greyish violet (17A–B3) on exposure, dull green (27E4) in KOH, brownish in guaiac and unchanging in FeSO 4. Latex moderate, watery white, turning cut lamellae pale violet. Taste very bitter. Odor pleasant. Spore print not obtained. Basidiospores 6.0– 7.5 –9.5 × 5.0– 6.3 –8.0 μm, (n = 30, Q = 1.14– 1.26 –1.49), subglobose to ellipsoid; ornamentation amyloid, up to 0.8–1.1 µm high, composed of isolated or aligned warts and ridges to form an incomplete reticulum; suprahilar spot inamyloid. Basidia 44.2–59.0 × 11.7–12.5 µm, subclavate, 4-spored; sterigmata 4.0–5.0 × 1.2–1.4 µm. Pleuromacrocystidia abundant, 58.0–103 × 7.9–11.0 µm, emergent up to 40.3 µm, subcylindric with fusoid, subfusoid, mucronate, capitate, subcapitate to appendiculate apices, thin-walled; content dense, crystalline, needlelike. Pleuropseudocystidia scarce to abundant, up to 3 µm wide, emergent, cylindrical to slightly tortuous, with rounded apex. Lamellae edge fertile with basidia and basidioles. Cheilomacrocystidia not found. Subhymenium up to 10.5 µm thick, cellular. Hymenophoral trama composed of lactifers and nests of sphaerocytes connected with connecting hyphae. Pileipellis up to 173.5 µm thick, an ixocutis to ixotrichoderm composed of interwoven, septate, mostly ascending hyphae (8.6–29.2 × 2.0–3.0 μm) intermixed with lactiferous hyphae. Stipitipellis up to 70.2 μm thick, an ixocutis, composed of interwoven, septate hyphae (7.5–27 × 1.2–1.5 μm). Clamp connections absent in all tissues. Habitat and distribution:—Growing solitary on soil in association with Castanopsis sp. in West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh. Additional specimen examined:— INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng district: Shergaon, N 27°09.216’, E 092°16.174’, Elev. 2369 m, 26 July 2019, I . Bera & K. Das, IB 19-066 (CAL 1877).Published as part of Bera, Ishika, Das, Kanad & Datta, Bejoysekhar, 2022, A new species of Lactarius sect. Uvidi (Russulaceae) from India, pp. 203-212 in Phytotaxa 576 (2) on page 206, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/746132
Properties of Jarque-Bera test
No full textZasadnicze kierunki rozwoju teorii wielowymiarowej normalności związane są z roz-
wiązywaniem praktycznych problemów z życia gospodarczego i społecznego.
Teoria ta stała się wygodnym instrumentem analizy danych empirycznych, a metody sta-
tystyczne oparte na tej teorii mają proste do interpretacji wnioski matematyczne. Wybór testu
Jarque-Bera wynika z dużej częstotliwości jego zastosowania zwłaszcza w analizach rynku
kapitałowego. Test ten wykorzystuje miary skośności i spłaszczenia, które oparte są na transfor-
macji Mahalanobisa. W artykule badany jest rozmiar i moc testu Jarque-Bera oraz proponuje się
empiryczne kwantyle dla tego testu
‘I don’t quite belong’: Working-class students’ experiences of being first-in-family to attend university
No full textThis blog post reflects on findings from the BERA Brian Simon fellowship fund research project Far away from the ivory tower to highlight some of the issues that might be experienced by those who self-identify as working-class students, who are likely to be disadvantaged in material ways. It draws on testimony from two of the project’s participants, Lucy and Kat[1] which reveals that attending university might be particularly challenging for students from working-class backgrounds. The authors argue that systemic change is still needed to increase inclusivity in higher education (HE)
Detecting Low Frequency Hearing Loss with low-CHIRP-BERA
No full textIn der frühkindlichen Hördiagnostik und zur Erhebung akustischer Kenndaten bei der kindlichen Hörgeräteanpassung sind objektive Diagnostikverfahren zur Ermittlung der tieffrequenten Hörschwelle erforderlich. Im Rahmen des Kompetenzzentrum HÖRTECH für Hörgerätesystemtechnik -Teilprojekt V "fitting" wurden objektive Verfahren im Rahmen der Hörgeräteversorgung bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern entwickelt. Der von Dau et al. und Wegner et al. entwickelte Chirp gestattet eine synchrone Anregung der Cochlea. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Evaluation eines modifizierten Chirp-Signales für die objektive Schwellbestimmung unterhalb von 1000 Hz.Das ERA-Diagnostiksystem "evoselect" (Softwareversion 5.0.10) der Firma Pilot-Blankenfelde ist ein externes DSP-Messmodul, welches von einem IBM kompatiblen Rechner gesteuert wird. Es bietet die Möglichkeit zur Stimulation, Ableitung, Registrierung, Darstellung und Auswertung von AEP. In diesem System sind mehrere Messarten integriert. Zur Ermittlung von frequenzspezifischen Schwellen stehen Notched-Noise-BERA, ASSR-BERA und Chirp-BERA zur Verfügung. Der tieffrequente Chirp-Reiz (low-CHIRP) wurde realisiert im Frequenzbereich von 100 bis 850 Hz. Zur Vermeidung von basal spread of excitation wurde ein Hochpassrauschen hinzugefügt, in dem ein digital erzeugtes weißes Rauschen mit dem Butterworth-Hochpassfilter 10-ter Ordnung, der Grenzfrequenz von 850 Hz, digital gefiltert wurde.Es wurden Evaluationsmessungen an normalhörenden erwachsenen Probanden (n=15) mittels Tonaudiogramm, NN-BERA bei 500 Hz, ASSR-BERA bei 500 Hz und der low-CHIRP-BERA durchgeführt. Die ermittelten Schwellen betrugen für die NN-BERA bei 500 Hz µ=18,33 dB HL (sigma=10,97 dB HL), für die ASSR-BERA bei 500 Hz µ=31,67 dB HL (sigma=12,63 dB HL) und mit der low-CHIRP-BERA µ=3,33 dB HL (sigma=4,50 dB HL).Das Design des modifizierten Chirp-Signals, Ruhehörschwellen der verwendeten Signale und Ergebnisse der darauf aufbauenden Hörgeräteanpassungen bei Kleinkindern werden präsentiert. Es scheint sich bereits jetzt anzudeuten, dass die low-CHIRP-BERA ein geeignetes und praktikables Verfahren zur Abschätzung des tieffrequenten Hörverlustes sowie zur Erfassung der Hörreste im apikalen Cochleabereich darstellt
Beyond the terrors of performativity: teachers developing at the interface
No full textStephen Ball’s seminal 2003 paper The Teacher’s Soul and the Terrors of Performativity perceptively captured changes in educational policy and their effects on the outer and inner lives of teachers. Sixteen years after its publication, Ball’s radical, readable critique of accountability structures in schools appears to have a lasting resonance with many postgraduate students, particularly by those completing professional awards whilst also working within schools as teachers, managers and leaders.
In this thesis I acknowledge that there was a need not only for the terminology such as performativity and fabrication that Ball (re)introduced, but also for his passionate denunciation of accountability measures and the associated paraphernalia of control which appear central to neoliberal models of educational governance. The paper seemed to speak to me directly when I started a professional Masters in Education, helping me to describe the changes I was experiencing in the classroom and the axiological tensions that I was facing. Several years on, it still has a clear resonance for many of the full-time working teachers studying on the professional practice Masters award that I lead today.
In this thesis I move the argument forward, and contend that there is a need not only to reflect on how these changes have been embedded in practice, but also to better describe the way that performativity is experienced by teachers in England. For me, Ball’s use of such Foucauldian notions such as “docile bodies” and “subject-position” flatten out teachers, rendering them passive bystanders rather than agentic professionals. This perspective combined with stark binarisms such as sell your soul to the performative regime or leave the profession altogether did not fit with how I identified as a teacher or the continuum of options that seemed available to me.
Using Holland, Skinner, Lachicotte Jr and Cain’ s Identity and Agency in Cultural Worlds theory, I examine the “Figured Worlds” of education using the voices of three experienced secondary school teachers, and consider how the way that they are positioned within schools affects their professional identities. I also consider how performativity is one of many competing narratives that brush up against each other and explore how teachers “develop at the interface” by choosing how to act and respond and which narratives to prioritise. Through telling their stories, the teachers demonstrate “where along the margins and interstices [they] are able to redirect themselves” through moments where they appropriate, resist or reject performative and other dominant practices and policies. This theoretical lens allows teachers to be seen as heteroglossic agents rather than what Ball terms sufferers of “values schizophrenia”, as they attempt to orchestrate the competing voices around them and author themselves in terms that go beyond ethical or enterprising and outstanding or inadequate. These teachers’ stories offer a way to explore the inadequacies of binary perspectives in general, and the options available to teachers in particular. This study thus extends our understanding of the different ways that performativity is experienced by teachers as well as the different ways that they can choose to respond
BERA in Newborns with Hyperbilirubinemia
No full textBACKGROUND:
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem seen in newborn period, is usually mild and transient without long-lasting sequelae.Bilirubin induced neurologic damage may occur and auditory pathway is the most sensitive past to bilirubin toxicity. Auditory brainstem response (BERA) provides an electro physiologic means of assessing ascending auditory pathway and to localise the lesion.
AIMS:
To assess effect of bilirubin toxicity on brainstem auditory pathway among neonates with hyperbilirubinemia using BERA and compare with control of normal newborns.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
BERA was recorded in twenty five-term newborns admitted to Tertiary care hospital, with hyperbilirubinemia at a level exceeding exchange transfusion (mean bilirubin level 25.4+/- 4.66 mg/dl).They were compared with 25 term normal newborns without any risk factor for hearing impairment. The results were analysed by Gaussian test (Z), student unpaired ‘t’ test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test.
RESULTS:
At least one of waves I, III and V were absent in 8% of the newborn with hyperbilirubinemia. There was a statistically significant prolongation of mean latencies of waves III and V and mean I-V interwave latency in hyperbilirubinemia newborn compared to normal neonates. The auditory threshold was elevated in 6 out of 25 jaundiced newborns. Significant positive correlation between BERA abnormalities and bilirubin levels was found with respect to the presence of waves I, III and V and auditory threshold. No significant positive correlation was found between bilirubin levels and BERA latencies.
CONCLUSION:
BERA abnormalities were noted in form of absence of waves I, III, V, prolongation of latency and interwave latencies and increased auditory threshold in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia as compared to normal neonates. BERA abnormality was also found to be transient and was normal in most of these patients during follow up
Jarque-Bera test and its competitors for testing normality: A power comparison
No full textFor testing normality we investigate the power of several tests, first of all, the well known test of Jarque and Bera (1980) and furthermore the tests of Kuiper (1960) and Shapiro and Wilk (1965) as well as tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cramer-von Mises type. The tests on normality are based, first, on independent random variables (model I) and, second, on the residuals in the classical linear regression (model II). We investigate the exact critical values of the Jarque-Bera test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cramer-von Mises tests, in the latter case for the original and standardized observations where the unknown parameters u and o have to be estimated. The power comparison is carried out via Monte Carlo simulation assuming the model of contaminated normal distributions with varying parameters u and o and different proportions of contamination. It turns out that for the Jarque-Bera test the approximation of critical values by the chi-square distribution does not work very well. The test is superior in power to its competitors for symmetric distributions with medium up to long tails and for slightly skewed distributions with long tails. The power of the Jarque-Bera test is poor for distributions with short tails, especially if the shape is bimodal, sometimes the test is even biased. In this case a modification of the Cramer-von Mises test or the Shapiro-Wilk test may be recommended. --goodness-of-fit tests, tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cramervon Mises type, Shapiro-Wilk test, Kuiper test, skewness, kurtosis, contaminated normal distribution, Monte-Carlo simulation, critical values, power comparison
Does elasticity stabilize a magnetic neutron star?
No full textThe configuration of the magnetic field in the interior of a neutron star is mostly unknown from observations. Theoretical models of the interior magnetic field geometry tend to be oversimplified to avoid mathematical complexity and tend to be based on axisymmetric barotropic fluid systems. These static magnetic equilibrium configurations have been shown to be unstable on a short time-scale against an infinitesimal perturbation. Given this instability, it is relevant to consider how more realistic neutron star physics affects the outcome. In particular, it makes sense to ask if elasticity, which provides an additional restoring force on the perturbations, may stabilize the system. It is well known that the matter in the neutron star crust forms an ionic crystal. The interactions between the crystallized nuclei can generate shear stress against any applied strain. To incorporate the effect of the crust on the dynamical evolution of the perturbed equilibrium structure, we study the effect of elasticity on the instability of an axisymmetric magnetic star. In particular, we determine the critical shear modulus required to prevent magnetic instability and consider the corresponding astrophysical consequences.</p
Ecology of Fishes in Tasek Bera, Pahang, Malaysia / Fatimah Abdullah
No full textThe ecology of fishes was investigated in Tasek Bera (Lake Bera), a peat swamp ecosystem with three major habitats: (i) swamp forest dominated by Eugenia, (ii) Reed
(Lepironia) and clumps of Pandanus stands and (iii) open waters fringed by submerged Utricularia. Limnological information and fish fauna of the lake was determined and
the association of both data was done using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).Mean values of water quality parameters for the entire study period (April 2004 to
December 2005) were as follows: water temperature = 29.540 C ± 1.15; total suspended solids (TSS) = 19.38 mg/L ± 28.32; total dissolved solids (TDS) = 31.64 mg/L ± 4.87;
turbidity = 8.03 NTU ± 4.61; conductivity = 44.85 μS/cm ± 5.65; dissolved oxygen(DO) = 3.66 mg/L ± 1.28; pH = 5.77 ± 0.76; hydrogen sulphide = 1.11 μg/L ± 3.16; nitrite = 4.63 μg/L ± 9.81; ammonium = 67.80 μg/L ± 66.71; ammonia = 0.38 μg/L ± 0.46. There were statistically significant differences in values of water quality parameters across sampling stations and depths. Only TSS, TDS, conductivity and DO were not significantly different during three sampling times (0600, 1400 and 2200 hours). Temperature and conductivity were higher compared to 30 years ago. Whereas,
pH, nitrite and ammonium were lower than 30 years ago.
The ichthyofaunal composition of Tasek Bera based on museum collections and present collections of fish revealed that 95 species representing 22 families were known to
inhabit the wetlands. Four species were considered to be locally extinct, while 66 species were considered to be extremely rare or rare. The rare and much sought after
Asian bonytongue, Scleropages formosus was still present as it was collected during the sampling effort. Botia hymenophysa which was recorded as a dominant species in the
past is now difficult to find. Fourteen species were recorded for the first time in the area.They include: Amblyrhynchichthys truncatus, Boraras maculates, Chela laubuca,Epalzeorhynchos kalopterus, Macrochirichthys macrochirus and Osteochilus microcephalus of the family Cyprinidae; Acanthopsoides molobrion,Lepidocephalichthys furcatus and Pangio malayana of the family Cobitidae; Channa
gachua of the family Channidae; Kryptopterus moorei of the family Siluridae; Akysis alfredi of the family Akysidae; Macrognathus maculatus of the family Mastacembelidae and Betta waseri of the family Osphronemidae. The most common
species were Labiobarbus festivus and Cyclocheilichtys apogon both from the family Cyprinidae. Based on past and current studies, a total of 144 species has been reported
from Tasek Bera includes several doubtful occurrences and incomplete identification.The vertical distribution of fishes investigated at 11 study sites by using vertical
gill nets revealed that Lubuk Salleh has the highest diversity and biomass compared to other study sites. Cyprinids Labiobarbus festivus (ikan kawan) and Hampala
macrolepidota (ikan sebarau) were found at all sites. Barbonymus schwanenfeldii,Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Hampala macrolepidota, Labiobarbus festivus and Kryptopterus apogon occurred at almost all depth layers. Depth 0 to 1 m had the highest diversity followed by depth 2 to 3 m and depth 1 to 2 m. Catch per unit effort (CPUE)and abundance of species were much higher during evening and night compared to the
early part of the day. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that depth,dissolved oxygen and pH were the most important factors influencing the vertical
distribution of the fish species.The most successful species in Tasek Bera, Labiobarbus festivus has inferior
mouth with upper and lower jaws protrusive and toothless. Both jaws have truncate unculi with polygonal borders. The gill has short gill rakers with the space between
adjacent rakers not very closely packed. Relative Important Index (%) of L. festivus diet show that algae represented 55.7%, followed by detritus and plant (26.8%) and
zooplankton (17.5%). Bacillariophyta is the most important component in term of,number, whereas detritus and plant contributed more than 50% in terms of volume.From the recent study L. festivus can be generalised as an omnivore
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