1,720,961 research outputs found
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A review
No full textAim: To comprehensively review the literature on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Methods: Narrative review of relevant studies published between April 2020 and January 2024. Results: MIS-C is a SARS-CoV-2-related hyperinflammatory syndrome developing 2-6 weeks after COVID-19 in genetically susceptible individuals. Persisting fever, mucocutaneous manifestations, GI and cardiac involvement, together with lymphopenia and elevated inflammatory and cardiac markers are the main clinical features. It is believed to recognise some pathogenetic and clinical overlap with Kawasaki disease. New case definitions have been proposed after an assessment of the diagnostic performance of existing criteria; epidemiological criterion is however progressively losing its usefulness as the pandemic turns into an endemic and in the areas with the highest rates of COVID-19 vaccination. Current guidelines recommend both intravenous immunoglobulin and glucocorticoids in the first-line immunomodulatory treatment, mainly based on comparative retrospective cohorts; the actual role of biologics remains to be adequately established. Strict follow-up is mandatory, especially for those with severe cardiac involvement, as longitudinal studies evaluate the long-term evolution of cardiac damage. Conclusion: In this paper, we review the epidemiological, pathogenetic, clinical and prognostic features of MIS-C, and outline the main questions which still remain unanswered after more than 3 years of research
A Pragmatic Approach to Assessment of Chronic and Recurrent Pain in Children with Severe Neurologic Impairment
Full text linkThe term “severe neurologic impairment” (SNI) is used to describe a group of disorders of the central nervous system which arise in childhood, resulting in motor impairment, cognitive impairment and medical complexity. As a result, much assistance is required with activities of daily living. Since these patients are often unable to self-report pain, or they may exhibit uncommon behaviors when suffering, pain manifestations may go unrecognized. In this article, the basic principles of how to approach pain in children with SNI are discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Pediatric Adrenal Insufficiency: Challenges and Solutions
Full text linkAdrenal insufficiency is an insidious diagnosis that can be initially misdiagnosed as other life-threatening endocrine conditions, as well as sepsis, metabolic disorders, or cardiovascular disease. In newborns, cortisol deficiency causes delayed bile acid synthesis and transport maturation, determining prolonged cholestatic jaundice. Subclinical adrenal insufficiency is a particular challenge for a pediatric endocrinologist, representing the preclinical stage of acute adrenal insufficiency. Although often included in the extensive workup of an unwell child, a single cortisol value is usually difficult to interpret; therefore, in most cases, a dynamic test is required for diagnosis to assess the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Stimulation tests using corticotropin analogs are recommended as first-line for diagnosis. All patients with adrenal insufficiency need long-term glucocorticoid replacement therapy, and oral hydrocortisone is the first-choice replacement treatment in pediatric. However, children that experience low cortisol concentrations and symptoms of cortisol insufficiency can take advantage using a modified release hydrocortisone formulation. The acute adrenal crisis is a life-threatening condition in all ages, treatment is effective if administered promptly, and it must not be delayed for any reason
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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