271 research outputs found
觀音鄉閩客村落的宗族組識與生活方式
No full text[[abstract]]觀音鄉在開拓之初，閩客宗族組織較相似，但時至今日閩客宗族組織強弱差異很大，
此乃根源於對奉祀祖先的傳統方式有別，客族向來有「不准刈火」的習俗，祭祖地點
集中於宗祠。閩人則多「香火分散各家」缺乏凝聚力，久之，組織即較不嚴密，在現
代化衝擊之下，或趨弛緩（如大同村陳氏），或瀕崩解（如樹林村楊氏）；而客族則
組織一向較嚴密，歷經衝擊，仍能保持其組織的生命力。此外，閩客混居區在彼此長
期交互作用下，使位於本區的閩族客家化而客族福佬化。
聚落形態可再分為聚落的時空分布和社群的意識形態。其中聚落的時空分布，往往源
於閹分田業的結果，而聚落形成既久，則易產生群體意識。武威村廖氏，老聚落密集
，各聚落姒宗祠為主核心，以各房公廳為次核心分布著；樹林村楊氏，逐漸以村內主
要道路連貫起原本較分散的小聚落，上大村卓氏，聚落分布較散且廣，但大多聚房而
居；大同村陳氏宅第，逐漸沿著村中縣道集結，但老聚落則仍聚房而居。至於閩客四
村落的社群形態和傳統民居形式的保守程度，均與宗族組織的嚴密度相關。
土地利用分為水利開發和土地分布，土地分布包括祭祀公業地及耕作地的分布。在漢
人的稻作農業中，對土地拓墾完成的認定是水利設施的完成。除樹林村楊氏外，閩客
三個村落早期埤塘規模均頗大，開鑿時常集結了宗族的力量，故埤塘的股權也屬全族
共有或各房公有。埤塘股權是隨著田業的閹分或買賣而轉移。
早期閩客四村落宗族均有祭祀公業地，但樹林村楊氏在日據時代，大同村陳氏在土地
改革時，紛紛喪失了祭祀公業地。武威村廖氏與上大村卓氏的祭祀公業地面積頗大且
較集中。除了武威村廖氏各房耕地分布紛雜外，其餘三個閩客宗族的耕地一般分布於
各房聚落或住居地附近。
最後，筆者以購物圈和通婚圈來指涉生活圈內容。隨著社會趨複雜，生活圈也日益擴
大。購物圈的分布，低級品以區中心或中壢市等近距離地方為主，中、高級品樹林村
楊氏較缺乏「空間偏好」，可說是同族整體關係較弱的宗族。至於通婚圈的分布，因
宗族是外婚單位。故除早期童養媳婚盛行外，若宗族聚居規模越大，在某一限度內會
將通婚圈越往外推移，如兩個客族在晚期村內結婚均降為零。此外，早期閩客通婚圈
大致包含於方言群的界線之內，但大同村陳氏、上大村卓氏則分別在早、中期時跨越
閩客界線，這可說是閩客混居交互影響的結果。
河川地利用和法令制度- 以新店溪和大漢溪下游河岸為例
No full text[[abstract]]（共一冊，約四萬餘字，分五章十三節，共以八百字左右扼要說明內容。）
本文以行為決策的觀點，探討法令制度如何透過各具特性的決策者的評價取拾而影響
河川地的土地利用。其結果如下：
法令的制訂是實行政策，以解決問題皂依據。河川地在水利法及土地法的法令制度下
，被規畫為低密度開發、洩洪的利用方式，其價值在防洪以利於區域整體的利益。本
研究受北區防洪計畫和北區區域計畫的土地使用管制，在建設計畫的實施上，有經費
不足且進度不一的情形；在使用管制上，有管理組織權限及員額編制的問題。造成執
法上不確定的狀況，且此狀況的程度，有行政區域的差異。因此，本區雖有同樣的規
畫目標，有在不同權限的政府管轄之下，有不同進度的建設計畫，以及管理體制。
本區河川地的實際利用情形，初級產業的面積遠高於其他使用類型，而就使用戶數，
則初級產業略多於其他使用類型，雖然在類型的分布上有區域的差異，但整體而言，
其經營多偏向短期回收，都有市服務指向及景觀開闊粗疏。若以類型的分布與經營的
變遷看來，初級產業的園藝化及二、三級產業面積、種類的增加，可證明本區與都市
發展的關係很密切。
比較法令制度的規畫和實際利用，有合法、法令邊際與明顯違法三種情形，且三者的
分布有區域差異，此現象可就決策過程探討其原因。
河川地的利用，是在有強大消費杏土地市場需求的環境下，受限於一套執法未必徹底
，且鬆緊有區域差異的法令制度。決策者依其職業技能、社經能力及價值觀，考慮做
何使用、是否違法及如何經營等問題，以達到追求經濟利益、滿意的生活方式等目的
。而規畫與實際利用的差異，一方面是因規畫與環境間不配合及執行有偏差，另一方
面則因決策者個人特性的不同，對決策環境中諸因素有不同的評價和取捨。
河川地利用即在此法令制度的管制與導向下，因其自然及區位條件，以滿足外在市場
的需求，呈現出開闊而粗疏的地表景觀。
A study of the professonal competencies of vocational industrial teachers
No full text[[abstract]]The results of a survey of 1,002 Taiwanese industrial teachers were used to (1) identify teachers' competencies; (2) determine the credit number of technical courses for qualified industrial teachers; (3) determine degree and the length of work experience of qualified industrial teachers; (4) develop recommendations for designing industrial teacher curriculum and inservice training programs; and (5) select professional teachers. (Author
Global Production Networks and Industrial Upgrading in China: The Case in Electronics Contract Manufacturing.
No full textThe paper analyzes the networks of U.S. and Taiwan based electronics contract manufacturers in South China, today the world´s most important location for low-cost mass production in the electronics industry. Based on extensive empirical research, the paper traces the production sites, the organization of manufacturing, and the workforce policies of contract manufacturers in the region, and discusses perspectives and limits of industrial upgrading, especially with regard to the role of labor. In theoretical terms, the author attempts to integrate an analysis of "global flagship networks" with concepts of industrial sociology.
Developing the bundled glass column
No full textIn this paper a bundled glass column is presented as a promising solution for a completely transparent, almost dematerialized structural compressive element. The aim is to ob-tain a glass column that can safely carry loads, achieve a high visual result and be relatively eas-ily manufactured. Different types of adhesives, rod configurations and bonding methods are ex-plored in search of an optimum balance between structural and visual results. The final column comprises six solid glass rods interlocking to a central glass star-shaped profile, bonded together by a clear, UV-curing adhesive. The high shear stiffness of the adhesive allows for the desired coupled behaviour of the rods whilst its similar refraction index to glass and homogeneous spread result in minimal visual distortion. To determine the strength and failure mode of the column, compression tests are conducted on 0.5 m and 1.5 m high prototypes and the results are presented and discussed.Structural Design & MechanicsSteel & Composite StructuresOLD Structural Desig
Generating Efficient FPGA-based CNN Accelerators from High-Level Descriptions
No full textInternational audienceThe wide landscape of memory-hungry and compute-intensive Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is quickly changing. CNNs are continuously evolving by introducing new layers or optimization strategies to either improve accuracy, reduce memory and computational needs or both. Moving such algorithms to on-device enables smarter edge products. However, hardware designers find this constant evolution hard to master, which keeps CNN accelerators one step behind. More approaches are using reconfigurable hardware, such as FPGAs, to design customized inference accelerators that are more suited to the newly-emerging CNN algorithms. Moreover, high-level design techniques, such as High-Level Synthesis (HLS), are adopted to address the time-consuming RTL-based design and the design space exploration problems. HLS allows generating RTL source code from high-level descriptions. This paper presents a hardware accelerator generation framework targeting FPGAs that relies on two steps. The first step characterizes the input CNN and produces hardware-aware metrics. The second step exploits the generated metrics to produce an optimized C-HLS source code for each layer of the input CNN, then it uses an HLS tool to generate a synthesizable RTL representation of the inference accelerator. The main goal of this approach is to reduce the gap between the evolving CNNs and the hardware accelerators, thus reducing design time of new systems
Middle Irish saga and Irish neoclassicism
No full textIrish scholars of the pre-Carolingian period were distinguished by their interest in the classical tradition, notably by their fascination with Greek letters, as well as their preoccupation with Virgil. This familiarity with the classical poets continued uninterrupted into the eleventh century according to the evidence of Togail Troi, an Irish adaptation of Dares Phrygius's history of the Trojan War, the De excidio Troiae historia. Consideration of mythological material incorporated by the author into his adaptation suggests that he knew, in addition to Virgil, Statius and their commentators, the poems of Ovid, and a corpus of late-antique commentary which was fuller than that which survives, features of which were preserved independently by the First Vatican Mythographer and Remigius of Auxerre. The author of Togail Troi incorporates into his adaptation imitatio, or, 'imitation', of the ekphrases of Virgil and Statius, and imbues his text with similes derived from the classical poets. Furthermore, the author mines commentaries for the restoration of features of Homer's version of the Trojan War which had been omitted in Dares's De excidio. The artistic sensibility which informs the author's efforts is here given the name 'Irish neoclassicism'. It is demonstrated that the techniques of imitatio evident in Togail Troi are shared also by allusions to the poems of Virgil and Statius in Tain Bo Cuailnge, a text contemporary with Togail Troi in its earliest surviving version. Evidence is considered which demonstrates that the authors of Tain Bo Cuailnge drew on a familiarity with the classical poets which they would have received in the medieval classroom. It is proposed that the extension of techniques of prose composition developed in Togail Troi to Tain Bo Cuailnge is the result of aemulatio . According to this suggestion, during the Middle Irish period, the authors engaged in the editing of older, inherited saga-narratives employed the techniques of Irish neoclassicism, not only to dignify their compositions through association with Virgil and Statius, but also to surpass the literary accomplishments of the 'school of classical translations'. Irish neoclassicism is thus seen to have operated over native texts such as Tain Bo Cuailnge.Ph.D
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