1,721,178 research outputs found
Toward fit-for-purpose land consolidation
Get PDFLand consolidation is the process of reallocating, and sometimes spatially redesigning, rural landownership patterns to create more rational landholdings (Pašakarnis and Maliene 2010). The conventional process finds its origins in Western European countries where it is practiced at scale, and was variously applied over the last 200 years with the aim of improving agricultural production and social conditions (Crecente et al. 2002; Hartvigsen 2005). Consequently, conventional land consolidation methods are heavily imbued with understandings, norms, and technologies developed in Western Europe
Urbanization, land administration, and good-enough governance
Get PDFThe growth of cities, through the process of urbanization, delivers both positive and negative outcomes. Cities are engines for economic and technological transformation; however, they are also the places where slums, informal sectors, inefficient urban services, and conflict over land resources manifest (UN-Habitat 2012). The duality of outcomes draws attention to improving urban land governance (Dobson et al. 2014)
Land administration for food security
Get PDFFood security is recognized as a key contemporary challenge for the global community (Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO] 2012): projected increases in population suggest smarter food creation and distribution mechanisms are needed at local, national, and global levels (United Nation [UN] 2014; FAO 2014). Assertions in recent years suggest land administration systems support food security: land administration potentially improves access to land, assists in securing land tenures, and subsequently promotes technology investment, which leads to improved agricultural output (Dekker 2001; Deininger 2003; Williamson et al. 2010). Furthermore, land administration systems can support land management activities including land consolidation: in some cases, aggregating fragmented parcels into larger results in more efficient agricultural production (Vitikainen 2004)
Toward Responsible Land Administration
Get PDFThe motivation of the coeditors of this book came from several observations and experiences in land administration throughout the world. The first is the recognition that many titling programs do not seem to generate the anticipated results, either because the speed with which titles or some form of land rights are delivered is far from sufficient or, perhaps more so, because many of the conventional approaches seem to fail in providing a minimum form of tenure security for the most vulnerable (Zevenbergen et al. 2013). Estimates suggest that less than a quarter of the countries in the world maintain complete land administration systems. This would translate into an estimate of 4 billion of the world’s 6 billion land tenures remaining outside formal governance arrangements. In these cases, information about people and the land they use remains unrecorded and obscure to governments, firms, or citizens, and reversely, citizens, firms, or governments cannot legally claim their rights to land. The situation prolongs the conditions of the already 1 billion people who live in slums with insecure tenure and of rural migrants entering these informal settlement areas every day, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa
Future Directions in Responsible Land Administration
Get PDFFundamentally, the term “administration” suggests bureaucratic, controlled, and steady, if not slow, paces of change. However, the previous chapters have shown that the relations between people and land that land administration attempts to capture are the very opposite. At all levels of abstraction, land administration can be seen as being multifaceted, crosscutting, interdisciplinary, and above all dynamic. Dynamism in land administration is currently visible in the social and political recognition—or negotiations on recognition—of land tenure typologies (Simbizi et al. 2014; van Leeuwen 2014). The developments in geo-ICT create their own dynamics. They offer the opportunity for previously unforeseen methods of land data capture, visualization, and sharing (Uitermark et al. 2010). Geo-ICT disturbs more than the technical elements of land administration systems: organizational and political contingencies are placed in flux when technology selections are made (Kurniawan and de Vries 2015; Sui 2014)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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