22,139 research outputs found
TOWARD THE THEORY OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN
No full textAs our discipline has matured, we have begun to develop theories of supply chain management. However, we submit that a major omission of theory development in the supply chain management discipline is that we have failed to develop a theory of what we are managing—a theory of the supply chain. Using a conceptual theory building approach, we introduce foundational premises about the structure and boundary of the supply chain, which can serve as the basis for much needed, additional development of the theory of the supply chain.This is the peer reviewed version of the article, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jscm.1207
The importance of network goals for strategic chain management
No full textNowadays food products are increasingly produced in supply chain networks that involve numerous firms. Due to their pyramidal-hierarchical structure, such networks possess a focal company that coordinates the network. The managerial task of the focal company is to work out collective strategy that addresses cooperation and coordination problems at the firm, dyadic and network levels. These strategies must take into account that at each level specific goals must be achieved. Though the focal company is a strategy setting unit that sets network goals, other network actors may perceive these goals as firm-level goals of the focal company. Therefore, conflicts may occur in supply chain networks.Supply chain networks, focal company, network goals, Agribusiness,
Synthesis and coordination chemistry of hybrid polydentate and halide-substituted stibines and bismuthines
No full textHalostibines and halobismuthines EMenX3-n (E = Sb, Bi; X = Cl, Br; n = 1, 2) display both Lewis acidic and Lewis basic characteristics. A series of adducts with neutral N- and O-donor ligands, [EMeX2(L)] (L = 2,2’-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, tetramethylethylenediamine) and [SbMeX2(L)2] (L = Ph3PO, Me3PO) were isolated and characterised by X-ray crystallography, 1H (and where appropriate 31P{1H}) NMR spectroscopy and microanalysis. Each complex is monomeric, displaying a distorted square pyramidal geometry around E, with two basal cis halides and the Me group apical. Combination of EMe2X with neutral ligands results in rearrangement at E to yield [EMeX2(L)] or [SbMeX2(L)2] once again as the isolable products. Reaction of SbMenBr3-n (n = 1, 2) with transition metal acceptors gives complexes in which the halostibines behave as Lewis bases. Examination of trends in the crystallographic and spectroscopic data of [M(CO)5(SbMenBr3-n)] (M = Cr, W; n = 1-3) from this work and the literature concluded that the halostibines have a significant ?-acceptor ability, which increases with increased halide substitution. Other transition metal complexes with L = SbMe2Br, [CpFe(CO)2(L)][BF4], [CpFe(CO)(L)2]Br (Cp = cyclopentadienyl) and [Mn(CO)6-n(L)n][CF3SO3] (n = 1, 3) were isolated and contain hypervalent, Sb···O, Sb···F or Sb···Br contacts between ions. Reaction of BiMe2Br with transition metal acceptors results in rearrangement at Bi; the only bismuthine complexes isolated contained the BiMe3 ligand.The hybrid distibine S(CH2-2-C6H4SbMe2)2 and its methiodide [S(CH2-2-C6H4SbMe3)2][I]2 were synthesised and the X-ray structure of the latter determined. Systematic investigations into transition metal complexes of this and other hybrid distibine ligands were undertaken. These ligands coordinate in a bidentate bridging mode in the 1:2 complexes [{CpFe(CO)2}2(L)][BF4] (L = O{(CH2)2SbR2}2 (R = Me, Ph), MeN(CH2-2-C6H4SbMe2)2, S(CH2-2-C6H4SbMe2)2) and [{M(CO)5}2(L)] (M = Cr, W; L = O{(CH2)2SbR2}2 (R = Me, Ph)), a bidentate chelating mode in [M(CO)4(L)] (M = Cr, W; L = O{(CH2)2SbMe2}2, MeN(CH2-2-C6H4SbMe2)2) or a tridentate mode in [M(CO)3(S(CH2-2-C6H4SbMe2)2)] (M = Cr, Mo) and [Mn(CO)3(L)] [CF3SO3] (L = MeN(CH2-2-C6H4SbMe2)2, S(CH2-2-C6H4SbMe2)2). In the latter examples the central hetero-atom of the ligand is coordinated to the transition metal centre. In those cases where it is not, hypervalent interactions between this hetero-atom and one or both coordinated Sb atoms are sometimes, but not always, observed. Comparisons have been drawn with the chemistry of the corresponding hybrid dibismuthine ligands. The hybrid tristibine ligand N(CH2-2-C6H4SbMe2)3 was synthesised and preliminary investigations of its coordination chemistry carried out. It acts as a tridentate ligand via the three Sb donors in [Mn(CO)3(L)][CF3SO3] and [Cu4Br4(L)2], with the ligand fixed in a propeller-like conformation. In the latter, a Cu2Br4 core with a short Cu···Cu distance is observed. [Cu(L)] [BF4] was isolated, in which tetradentate coordination of the ligand has been proposed.Transition metal complexes were characterised by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy and microanalysis, and where appropriate infrared and 55Mn or 63Cu NMR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. The majority of these complexes have also been structurally characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction
Bayesian representations using chain event graphs
No full textBayesian networks (BNs) are useful for coding conditional independence statements between a given set of measurement variables.
On the other hand, event trees (ETs) are convenient for representing asymmetric structure and how situations unfold. In this paper
we report the development of a new graphical framework for discrete
probability models called the Chain Event Graph (CEG). The class of
CEG models contains finite BNs as a special case. Unlike the BN, the
CEG is equally appropriate for representing conditional independencies in asymmetric systems and does not need dependent variables to
be specified in advance. As with the BN, it also provides a framework
for learning relevant conditional probabilities and propagation. Furthermore, being a function of an ET, the CEG is a more
exible way of
representing various causal hypotheses than the BN. This new framework is illustrated throughout by a biological regulatory network: the
tryptophan metabolic pathway in the bacterium E. coli
sj-jpg-4-gph-10.1177_2333794X221091799 – Supplemental material for Climate Change Affects Health: Are We Listening?
No full textSupplemental material, sj-jpg-4-gph-10.1177_2333794X221091799 for Climate Change Affects Health: Are We Listening? by Gabriel S. Chain, Benjamin M. Chain and Frances B. Pelliccia in Global Pediatric Health</p
sj-jpg-1-gph-10.1177_2333794X221091799 – Supplemental material for Climate Change Affects Health: Are We Listening?
No full textSupplemental material, sj-jpg-1-gph-10.1177_2333794X221091799 for Climate Change Affects Health: Are We Listening? by Gabriel S. Chain, Benjamin M. Chain and Frances B. Pelliccia in Global Pediatric Health</p
sj-jpg-2-gph-10.1177_2333794X221091799 – Supplemental material for Climate Change Affects Health: Are We Listening?
No full textSupplemental material, sj-jpg-2-gph-10.1177_2333794X221091799 for Climate Change Affects Health: Are We Listening? by Gabriel S. Chain, Benjamin M. Chain and Frances B. Pelliccia in Global Pediatric Health</p
sj-jpg-3-gph-10.1177_2333794X221091799 – Supplemental material for Climate Change Affects Health: Are We Listening?
No full textSupplemental material, sj-jpg-3-gph-10.1177_2333794X221091799 for Climate Change Affects Health: Are We Listening? by Gabriel S. Chain, Benjamin M. Chain and Frances B. Pelliccia in Global Pediatric Health</p
Dairy supply chain restructuring and its impact on farmers' revenues in Poland
No full textSupply chain restructuring and its impact on farmers’ situation have become the subject of vast interest among agricultural economists. However, there have been relatively few studies trying to quantitatively asses this issue. This paper analyses the impact of supply chain modernisation on dairy farmers in Poland. It is shown that joining the modern marketing channel positively affects farmers’ revenues. The decision to enter the modern channel is crucially dependent on access to funds and facilitated by having larger cow herds.Supply chain, restructuring, dairy sector, Poland, Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries,
La escena primitiva : capitalismo y fetiche en Walter Benjamin
No full textFil: Matos, Olgária Chain Féres. Universidade de São Paulo; Brasil.El libro de los pasajes (Passagemwerk) constituye la escenografía histórica del siglo XIX , la historia originaria (Ur-Geschichte) del capitalismo contemporáneo: la sociedad de masas y la universalización del fenómeno del fetichismo. La lógica de la acumulación y del incremento del capital se ve amenazada por los elementos críticos del capitalismo liberal, sustentado por leyes que rigen acciones y deliberaciones políticas, desarrollando tendencias profundamente antidemocráticas en las masas, en su descreencia con respecto al ejercicio del orden legal. Benjamin interpreta la contemporaneidad en términos weberianos: el par civilización-modernización implica, a un mismo tiempo, cientificismo y adhesión acrítica a la Ciencia y sus prácticas; a la idea de progreso lineal y continuo; al redimensionamiento de la razón en sentido tecnológico, abarcando la economía y la política (las decisiones políticas pasan por ser decisiones “técnicas”); al activismo, esto es, la exaltación de la acción por la acción y el consecuente abandono de la idea de reflexión, contemplación y autonomía del pensamiento; a la exaltación del mercado como sucedáneo de la búsqueda de la felicidad. La asimilación de los valores del consumo y la adquisición de bienes materiales por la sociedad de masas constituyen un poderoso freno al dinamismo del pensamiento
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