1,720,957 research outputs found
Nutrient selection by fallow deer (Dama dama) and roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus)
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN057106 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Consultations for middle ear disease, antibiotic prescribing and risk factors for reattendance: a case-linked cohort study
No full textBackground
Otitis media is the most common reason for children to receive antibiotics, but there is no evidence about the effect of prescribing on reattendance.Aim
To evaluate the changing workload of middle ear disease in general practice, and the impact on surgery reattendance of prescribing antibiotics at first attendance.Design of study
A case-linked cohort analysis for antibiotic prescribing versus no prescribing at first consultation event.Setting
Two hundred and ninety-one practices spread throughout the UK recording for the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) and incorporating individual patient data records for 2 265 574 patients.Method
All middle ear disease coded events that can be classed within acute otitis media (AOM) or glue ear sub-categories (and excluding chronic suppurative otitis media) were selected for analysis when the first event was from 1991–2001. The effect of antibiotic prescription on the risk of reattendance using Cox proportional hazards regression was analysed.Results
Total consultations for AOM have fallen markedly over this decade, and glue ear consultations have risen but by a much smaller extent (26 000 decrease versus 4000 increase in consultations per year), which makes re-labelling an unlikely explanation of the fall in AOM consultations. In the 2–10 years age range, consultations for AOM fell from 105.3 to 34.7 per 1000 per year, with glue ear consultations unaltered (15.2 to 16.7 per 1000 per year). Antibiotic prescribing for AOM has stayed remarkably constant (80–84% of consultations), but antibiotic prescribing for glue ear has risen sharply (13 to 62%). Prescribing antibiotics increased the risk of reattendance for AOM (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 1.10) and has reduced the risk of reattendance for glue ear (HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88 to 0.96).Conclusion
Prescribing antibiotics for AOM probably increased reattendance, but the opposite effect has been noted for glue ear, which suggests a treatment effect of antibiotics in glue ear. Further research is needed to clarify whether this possible benefit is worth the known harms, and if so in which subgroups of children
Mapping analyses to estimate health utilities based on responses to the OM8-30 otitis media questionnaire
No full textPurpose
To investigate the statistical relationship between the OM8-30 health-related quality of life measure for children with otitis media with effusion (OME) and measures of health utility (Health Utilities Index [HUI] Mark 3 and Mark 2) and to develop models to estimate HUI3 and HUI2 health utilities from OM8-30 scores.
Methods
A placebo-controlled, randomised trial (GNOME) evaluating intranasal mometasone in 217 children with OME provided concurrent responses to OM8-30 and HUI at three time points. Ordinary least squares (OLS), generalised linear models and two-step regression analyses were used to predict HUI3 and HUI2 utilities based on OM8-30 facet and domain scores.
Results
OLS models including all nine OM8-30 facets with or without predicted hearing level (HL) produced the best predictions of HUI3 utilities (mean absolute error: 0.134 with HL and 0.132 without; R 2: 0.63 with HL and 0.596 without). An OLS model predicting HUI3 utilities based on the two OM8-30 domain scores, reported hearing difficulties, predicted HL, age and sex also produced accurate predictions.
Conclusion
Regression equations predicting HUI3 and HUI2 utilities based on OM8-30 facet and domain scores have been developed. These provide an empirical basis for estimating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for interventions in children with OME
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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