1,720,999 research outputs found
Increased expression of the ectoenzyme CD38 in peripheral blood plasmablasts and plasma cells of patients with systemic sclerosis
Full text linkObiettivo: CD38 è una glicoproteina di tipo II altamente espressa sui plasmablasti e sulle plasmacellule, ma debolmente espressa dalle cellule linfoidi, mieloidi e non ematopoietiche. Il CD38 è un bersaglio per le terapie mirate alla deplezione delle plasmacellule produttrici di anticorpi. La sclerosi sistemica (SSc) è una malattia immuno-mediata con un ruolo patogenetico ben documentato delle cellule B. Abbiamo quindi analizzato l'espressione di CD38 in diversi sottoinsiemi di cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico (PBMC) da una coorte di pazienti con SSc. Metodi: L'espressione della superficie cellulare di CD38 è stata valutata su PBMC di pazienti con SSc utilizzando l'analisi della citometria a flusso a otto colori eseguita con un FacsCanto II (BD). Individui sani sono stati usati come controlli (HC). Risultati: Sono stati studiati quarantasei pazienti con SSc (età media 60 anni, range 23-79 anni; 38 femmine e 8 maschi) e trentadue HC abbinati per età e sesso. Ventotto pazienti avevano la forma cutanea limitata e diciotto la forma cutanea diffusa di SSc. La durata media della malattia è stata di 7 anni. Quattordici pazienti erano in terapia immunosoppressiva (13 MMF, 5 RTX). Le percentuali totali di cellule T, B e NK non erano diverse tra SSc e HC. Rispetto all'HC, i pazienti con SSc avevano livelli più elevati di cellule T CD3+CD38+ (p<0,05), percentuale più alta (p<0,001) di cellule T regolatorie CD3+CD4+CD25+FOXP3+, percentuale inferiore (p<0,05) di cellule T regolatorie CD3+ cellule NK CD56+. Inoltre, i pazienti con SSc avevano livelli più elevati di cellule B regolatorie CD24highCD19+CD38high rispetto a HC (p<0,01), mentre la quantità di cellule B di memoria CD24+CD19+CD38+CD27+ era inferiore (p<0,001). Infine, le percentuali di plasmablasti circolanti ad alto CD38+CD27+ e di plasmacellule ad alto CD138+CD38 erano entrambe più alte nel gruppo SSc che in HC (p<0,001). Non abbiamo osservato alcuna correlazione tra questi immunofenotipi e sottoinsiemi o durata della malattia e il trattamento immunosoppressivo in corso. Conclusioni: L'aumentata espressione di CD38 nei plasmablasti del sangue periferico e nelle plasmacellule dei pazienti con SSc può suggerire questo ectoenzima come bersaglio terapeutico, nell'ipotesi che la deplezione di queste cellule possa ridurre la risposta immunitaria cronica nei pazienti con SSc. E' necessario validare questi dati in coorti multicentriche prima di condurre sperimentazioni cliniche con i farmaci anti-CD38 esistenti.Objective: CD38 is a type II glycoprotein highly expressed on plasmablasts and on short- and long- lived plasma cells, but weakly expressed by lymphoid, myeloid, and non-hematopoietic cells. CD38 is a target for therapies aimed at depleting antibody-producing plasma cells. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an immune-mediated disease with a well-documented pathogenic role of B cells. We therefore analyzed CD38 expression in different subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a cohort of SSc patients. Methods: Cell surface expression of CD38 was evaluated on PBMCs from SSc patients using eight- color flow cytometry analysis performed with a FacsCanto II (BD). Healthy individuals were used as controls (HC). Results: Forty-six SSc patients (mean age 60, range 23-79 years; 38 females and 8 males), and thirty- two age- and sex-matched HC were studied. Twenty-eight patients had the limited cutaneous form and eighteen the diffuse cutaneous form of SSc. The mean disease duration was 7 years. Fourteen patients were on immunosuppressive therapy (13 MMF, 5 RTX). The total percentages of T, B and NK cells were not different between SSc and HC. Compared to HC, SSc patients had higher levels of CD3+CD38+ T cells (p<0.05), higher percentage (p<0.001) of CD3+CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, lower percentage (p<0.05) of CD3+CD56+ NK cells. Moreover, SSc patients had higher levels of CD24highCD19+CD38high regulatory B cells than HC (p<0.01), while the amount of CD24+CD19+CD38+CD27+ memory B cells was lower (p<0.001). Finally, the percentages of circulating CD38highCD27+ plasmablasts and CD138+CD38high plasma cells were both higher in the SSc group than in HC (p<0.001). We did not observe any correlations between these immunophenotypes and disease subsets or duration, and ongoing immunosuppressive treatment. Conclusions: The increased expression of CD38 in peripheral blood plasmablasts and plasma cells of SSc patients may suggest this ectoenzyme as a candidate therapeutic target, under the hypothesis that depletion of these cells may beneficially downregulate the chronic immune response in SSc patients. Validation of this data in multicenter cohorts shall be obtained prior to clinical trials with existing anti- CD38 drugs.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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