1,720,954 research outputs found
MoKey : exploiting multiple sensors for keylogging from smartphones
No full textLAUREA MAGISTRALEIl furto di informazioni è sempre stato uno degli obiettivi primari dei criminali informatici. Con l'incremento esponenziale della quantità di dati prodotti e salvati elettronicamente, in egual misura è cresciuta la diffusione di questo genere di attacco. Un attacco di tipo keylogging consente ad un attacker di rubare informazioni registrando ciò che l'utente digita sulla propria tastiera. Questi attacchi sono diventati sempre più subdoli grazie allo sviluppo di strumenti, keylogger, sia software che hardware. Alcuni keylogger hardware monitorano le emissioni della tastiera, come quelle acustiche o le vibrazioni da essa rilasciate quando un tasto viene premuto dall'utente. Queste tecniche sfruttano una singola sorgente dati per ricostruire l'input della vittima e, nella maggior parte dei casi, richiedono l'utilizzo di dispositivi intrusivi per la registrazione delle emissioni.
Il nostro lavoro esplora la possibilità di sfruttare più sorgenti dati contemporaneamente grazie all'ampia gamma di sensori inclusi nei moderni smartphone. Per raggiungere il nostro obiettivo, abbiamo sviluppato MoKey, un proof of concept con lo scopo di simulare lo stesso tipo di attacco ma utilizzando diverse sorgenti dati, separatamente e contemporaneamente, e diversi insiemi di feature estratte da esse. MoKey calcola anche l'accuratezza raggiunta durante il riconoscimento dei tasti premuti, confrontando il testo riconosciuto con quello realmente digitato.
I risultati della nostra valutazione, effettuata su 1300 campioni, 50 per ognuno dei 26 caratteri dell'alfabeto inglese, registrati durante la digitazione di testo, dimostrano che l'utilizzo combinato di più sorgenti dati permette ad un keylogger di raggiungere un'accuratezza più elevata rispetto all'utilizzo delle stesse singolarmente. Inoltre, il nostro lavoro aiuta ad evidenziare come i sensori inclusi nei moderni smartphone possano essere sfruttati per il furto di informazioni.Information stealing has always been one of the primary objectives of attackers. With the exponential increase of electronic data over the last decade, the widespread of this kind of attacks increased all along with it. Keystroke logging, or keylogging, allows attackers to steal information by recording the user's keystroke input on keyboards. Keyloggers became slier and slier, with the development of a full set of different ways to capture victims' information, including hardware and software solutions. Some of the hardware ones comprise the monitoring of keyboard emanations such as audio and vibrations. These techniques exploit a single physical data source to recover keypresses and, in most cases, require the usage of intrusive devices for data capturing.
Our work explores the possibility of exploiting multiple data sources combined leveraging the wide range of sensors present in smartphones. To reach our goal, we developed MoKey, a proof of concept with the aim of simulating the same attack using different data sources, separately and combined, and sets of features extracted from them. It also calculates the accuracy achieved during the recognition of keypresses, comparing the recovered text with the actual one.
The results of our evaluation on 1300 keystrokes, 50 for each of the 26 characters of the English alphabet, demonstrate that using multiple data sources combined enables keyloggers to obtain higher accuracy than using them separately. In addition, our work helps highlighting how smartphones built-in sensors can be exploited to steal information
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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