170,057 research outputs found
John Buridan on Complexion. Natural Philosophy and Medicine in the Fourteenth Century
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Total and bacterial DNA diversity in physically isolated SOM pools, and possible implication in C sequestration phenomena
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Does physical fractionation of SOM pools preserve information about microbial taxa distribution and ecological functions?
No full textIn a previous study (Zaccone et al., Appl. Soil Ecol., 2018), a preliminary evaluation of potential ecological partition of total, bacterial and plant DNA across soil organic matter (SOM) fractions linked to conceptual stabilization mechanisms was provided. Here, we investigated if different ecologically meaningful SOM fractions share the same microbial communities. To test this hypothesis, DNA was recovered from SOM pools that differ in quality and level of physical and chemical protection from decomposition: free SOM located between aggregates (FR), SOM occluded within macro (MA) and microagreggates (MI), and mineral-associated SOM (MIN) (Plaza et al., Soil Biol. Biochem., 2013). Bacterial communities were then assessed by amplification of V3-V4 region of 16S rDNA while fungal communities by amplification of ITS region. NGS was performed by Illumina Miseq platform and the sequences analysis carried out using QIIME2 v2018.6.0. Bacterial communities showed a clear separation among the different SOM fractions, independently from the kind of the amendment applied to the soil (i.e., biochar, municipal compost). In particular, FR and MIN fractions were dominated by Firmicutes (65-75%), followed by Actinobacteria (~13%). On the opposite, MA and MI had a lower level of Firmicutes (~50%) and higher level of Actinobacteria (20-30%). Interestingly, among Bacillales, Bacillus and Brevibacillus spp. (aerobic) were largely dominant in FR and MIN, whereas the facultative anaerobic Limnochordaceae were more represented in MA and MI, and the anaerobic sporeforming Clostridium spp. Mainly in MI. These data clearly depose for a ‘selection’ of the microbial taxa according to the level of physical and chemical protection of SOM, with O2 availability as one of the main drivers. Although at a less extent, also fungal population was related to the SOM pools rather than to the amendment, with MIN and FR differing from MA and MI. In particular, Sordariomycetes are a fungal class that can represent a proxy of SOM evolution. In conclusion, (i) the physical fractionation method caused no mixing over of bacterial DNA through all SOM pools, and (ii) different microbial taxa seem to be specifically associated to SOM fractions linked to conceptual stabilization mechanisms
Microbial taxa distribution in soil organic matter fractions with ecologically different functions
No full textIn a previous study (Zaccone et al., 2018), a preliminary evaluation of potential ecological partition of total, bacterial and plant DNA across soil organic matter (SOM) fractions linked to conceptual stabilization mechanisms was provided. Here, we investigated if different ecologically meaningful SOM fractions share the same microbial communities. To test this hypothesis, DNA was recovered from SOM pools that differ in quality and level of physical and chemical protection from decomposition: free SOM located between aggregates (FR), SOM occluded within macro (MA) and microagreggates (MI), and mineral-associated SOM (MIN) (Plaza et al., 2012). Bacterial communities were then assessed by amplification of V3-V4 region of 16S rDNA while fungal communities by amplification of ITS region. NGS was performed by Illumina Miseq platform and the sequences analysis carried out using QIIME2 v2018.6.0. Bacterial communities show a clear separation among the different SOM fractions, independently from the soil amendment (i.e., biochar, municipal compost). In particular, FR fractions were dominated by Firmicutes (70-80%), followed by Actinobacteria (10-20%) and Proteobacteria (5%). On the opposite, MA had a lower level of Firmicutes (ca. 40%) and higher level of Actinobacteria (30%) and Proteobacteria (20%). The dominance of spore forming taxa in all fractions is of interest and might be due to the better preservation of microbial DNA in the spore structure. Interestingly, the anaerobic spore-forming Clostridium spp. were mainly found in MA and MI and less in the MIN, whereas the most abundant taxa in FR were aerobic spore-formers (Bacillus spp., Brevibacillus spp.). These data clearly depose for a selection of the microbial taxa according to the level of physical and chemical protection of SOM, with O2 availability as one of the main possible drivers. Although at a less extent, also fungal population was related to the SOM pool, with MIN and FR differing from MA and MI. In conclusion, different microbial taxa (mostly bacterial) seem to be specifically associated to SOM fractions linked to conceptual stabilization mechanisms
In difesa della "medicina indigena": Sibbald, Baglivi e la metodologia ippocratico-baconiana
No full textThe problem of indigeneity and local knowledge in medicine concerns the way in which 17th-century European physicians reacted to the spread of exotic remedies and treatments in official pharmacopoeia and therapeutics. In 1644, the Dutch physician Jan van Beverwyck wrote the first treatise on “indigenous medicine”, Autarkeia Bataviae, sive introductio ad medicinam indigenam, defending the autarkeia, which means the self-sufficiency and independence of Dutch medicine. However, how did this debate develop at the end of the seventeenth century? I will focus my paper, in particular, on Robert Sibbald and Giorgio Baglivi, both supporting, albeit from different viewpoints, the indigenous medicine within a Hippocratic-Baconian methodology. In Scotia Illustrata (1684), Sibbald, just like van Beverwyck, supports a “Scottish” medicine, invoking the same idea of self-sufficiency. In De praxi medica (1696), Baglivi, however, addresses this issue strictly in methodological terms: no matter how convincing theories might be, if physicians ignore geo-climatic factors and the natural history of the “local”, they cannot heal their patients properly
Caratteri geomorfologici, assetto strutturale ed evoluzione morfotettonica del Monte Vulture e delle aree contigue
No full textParte V - Utilizzazione agronomica ed impatto sul sistema suolo-pianta 15. Aspetti biologici
No full textIn this chapter authors focused on how and why biochar, compost, sewage sludge and digestate deriving from waste biomasses affect soil biological activities
Design and characterization of AESA prototype driven by a DTRM
No full textThis paper discusses design and testing of fully-digital direct-conversion array transmitter in C Band developed as a part of a digital transmitting and receiving module (DTRM) suitable for a future full digital active electrically scanned array (AESA). The DTRM uses RF high-speed converters exploiting 5G technologies mainly developed for massive MIMO applications. A C-Band 4-channel AESA prototype was designed, realized, and characterized in far field
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