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Systèmes d’isolation thermique par l’extérieur : études expérimentales et numériques des transferts de chaleur et d’humidité
No full textExternal thermal insulation (ETI) is an interesting technical solution for improving the energy performance of the building sector. However, ETI may change the hygrothermal balance of the envelope and affect its durability, especially with regard to moisture. With this in mind, a first work consisted in studying the hygrothermal behavior of three systems of ETI set on a hollow concrete block wall in the laboratory: an ETICS system (wet process) and two systems under cladding (dry process), with one of them composed with bio-based materials (wood wool and cellulose wadding). Experiments in a bi-climatic enclosure, combined with numerical simulations of coupled heat and mass transfers, made it possible to apprehend the hygrothermal behavior of these renovated walls at different stages: during the installation of ETI solutions, in "normal" use and under conditions leading to risks of condensation. The results of the ETICS system show the important role of the glue and the difficulty to understand numerically its behavior. The results of the cladding systems underline the interest of using bio-based materials under hazardous conditions, but also the sensitivity of numerical simulations to the hydric properties of hygroscopic materials. A second study on the in situ analysis of a cladding ETI system highlighted the absence of major risks related to humidity during the two years studied. In addition, the simulation / experiment comparison highlighted the important role played by the ventilated air.L’isolation thermique par l’extérieure (ITE) constitue une solution technique intéressante pour améliorer les performances énergétiques du secteur du bâtiment. Cependant, l’ITE peut venir modifier l’équilibre hygrothermique de l’enveloppe et affecter sa durabilité, notamment au regard de l’humidité. Dans ce contexte, un premier travail a consisté à étudier en laboratoire le comportement hygrothermique de trois systèmes d’ITE rapportés sur une paroi en parpaing : un système ETICS (PSE sous enduit mis en œuvre par voie humide) et deux systèmes sous bardage (mis en œuvre par voie sèche), dont un incluant des matériaux biosourcés (laine de bois et ouate de cellulose). Des expériences en enceinte biclimatique, combinées à des simulations numériques des transferts couplés de chaleur et de masse, ont permis d’appréhender le comportement hygrothermique de ces parois rénovées à différents stades : lors de la pose des solutions d’ITE, en usage « normal » et dans des conditions conduisant à des risques de condensation. Les résultats du système ETICS montrent le rôle important de la colle et la difficulté à appréhender numériquement son comportement. Les résultats des systèmes sous bardage soulignent l’intérêt d’utiliser des matériaux biosourcés dans des conditions à risques, mais également la sensibilité des simulations numériques aux propriétés hydriques des matériaux hygroscopiques. Un second travail portant sur l’analyse in situ d’un système d’ITE sous bardage a souligné l’absence de risques majeurs liés à l’humidité durant les deux années étudiées. Par ailleurs, la comparaison simulation/expérience a mis en évidence le rôle important joué par la lame d’air ventilée
Systèmes d’isolation thermique par l’extérieur : études expérimentales et numériques des transferts de chaleur et d’humidité
No full textExternal thermal insulation (ETI) is an interesting technical solution for improving the energy performance of the building sector. However, ETI may change the hygrothermal balance of the envelope and affect its durability, especially with regard to moisture. With this in mind, a first work consisted in studying the hygrothermal behavior of three systems of ETI set on a hollow concrete block wall in the laboratory: an ETICS system (wet process) and two systems under cladding (dry process), with one of them composed with bio-based materials (wood wool and cellulose wadding). Experiments in a bi-climatic enclosure, combined with numerical simulations of coupled heat and mass transfers, made it possible to apprehend the hygrothermal behavior of these renovated walls at different stages: during the installation of ETI solutions, in "normal" use and under conditions leading to risks of condensation. The results of the ETICS system show the important role of the glue and the difficulty to understand numerically its behavior. The results of the cladding systems underline the interest of using bio-based materials under hazardous conditions, but also the sensitivity of numerical simulations to the hydric properties of hygroscopic materials. A second study on the in situ analysis of a cladding ETI system highlighted the absence of major risks related to humidity during the two years studied. In addition, the simulation / experiment comparison highlighted the important role played by the ventilated air.L’isolation thermique par l’extérieure (ITE) constitue une solution technique intéressante pour améliorer les performances énergétiques du secteur du bâtiment. Cependant, l’ITE peut venir modifier l’équilibre hygrothermique de l’enveloppe et affecter sa durabilité, notamment au regard de l’humidité. Dans ce contexte, un premier travail a consisté à étudier en laboratoire le comportement hygrothermique de trois systèmes d’ITE rapportés sur une paroi en parpaing : un système ETICS (PSE sous enduit mis en œuvre par voie humide) et deux systèmes sous bardage (mis en œuvre par voie sèche), dont un incluant des matériaux biosourcés (laine de bois et ouate de cellulose). Des expériences en enceinte biclimatique, combinées à des simulations numériques des transferts couplés de chaleur et de masse, ont permis d’appréhender le comportement hygrothermique de ces parois rénovées à différents stades : lors de la pose des solutions d’ITE, en usage « normal » et dans des conditions conduisant à des risques de condensation. Les résultats du système ETICS montrent le rôle important de la colle et la difficulté à appréhender numériquement son comportement. Les résultats des systèmes sous bardage soulignent l’intérêt d’utiliser des matériaux biosourcés dans des conditions à risques, mais également la sensibilité des simulations numériques aux propriétés hydriques des matériaux hygroscopiques. Un second travail portant sur l’analyse in situ d’un système d’ITE sous bardage a souligné l’absence de risques majeurs liés à l’humidité durant les deux années étudiées. Par ailleurs, la comparaison simulation/expérience a mis en évidence le rôle important joué par la lame d’air ventilée
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
External Thermal Insulation Systems : Experimental and Numerical Studies of Heat and Humidity Transfers
No full textL’isolation thermique par l’extérieure (ITE) constitue une solution technique intéressante pour améliorer les performances énergétiques du secteur du bâtiment. Cependant, l’ITE peut venir modifier l’équilibre hygrothermique de l’enveloppe et affecter sa durabilité, notamment au regard de l’humidité. Dans ce contexte, un premier travail a consisté à étudier en laboratoire le comportement hygrothermique de trois systèmes d’ITE rapportés sur une paroi en parpaing : un système ETICS (PSE sous enduit mis en œuvre par voie humide) et deux systèmes sous bardage (mis en œuvre par voie sèche), dont un incluant des matériaux biosourcés (laine de bois et ouate de cellulose). Des expériences en enceinte biclimatique, combinées à des simulations numériques des transferts couplés de chaleur et de masse, ont permis d’appréhender le comportement hygrothermique de ces parois rénovées à différents stades : lors de la pose des solutions d’ITE, en usage « normal » et dans des conditions conduisant à des risques de condensation. Les résultats du système ETICS montrent le rôle important de la colle et la difficulté à appréhender numériquement son comportement. Les résultats des systèmes sous bardage soulignent l’intérêt d’utiliser des matériaux biosourcés dans des conditions à risques, mais également la sensibilité des simulations numériques aux propriétés hydriques des matériaux hygroscopiques. Un second travail portant sur l’analyse in situ d’un système d’ITE sous bardage a souligné l’absence de risques majeurs liés à l’humidité durant les deux années étudiées. Par ailleurs, la comparaison simulation/expérience a mis en évidence le rôle important joué par la lame d’air ventilée.External thermal insulation (ETI) is an interesting technical solution for improving the energy performance of the building sector. However, ETI may change the hygrothermal balance of the envelope and affect its durability, especially with regard to moisture. With this in mind, a first work consisted in studying the hygrothermal behavior of three systems of ETI set on a hollow concrete block wall in the laboratory: an ETICS system (wet process) and two systems under cladding (dry process), with one of them composed with bio-based materials (wood wool and cellulose wadding). Experiments in a bi-climatic enclosure, combined with numerical simulations of coupled heat and mass transfers, made it possible to apprehend the hygrothermal behavior of these renovated walls at different stages: during the installation of ETI solutions, in "normal" use and under conditions leading to risks of condensation. The results of the ETICS system show the important role of the glue and the difficulty to understand numerically its behavior. The results of the cladding systems underline the interest of using bio-based materials under hazardous conditions, but also the sensitivity of numerical simulations to the hydric properties of hygroscopic materials. A second study on the in situ analysis of a cladding ETI system highlighted the absence of major risks related to humidity during the two years studied. In addition, the simulation / experiment comparison highlighted the important role played by the ventilated air
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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