283 research outputs found
Italy
No full textSince 2003 the Chapter on Italian Copyright Law in the Treatise is written and updated every year by A. Musso (M. Fabiani had written it through 2002). As well as all the other national chapters (plus a chapter on European Law and a general Introduction), the "Italian" chapter deals with the Italian Law on Copyright and related rights, updated every year with all the relevant new provisions and the main decisions of higher and lower courts. In this 23rd release, a substantial and deeper review/update off all the issues related to copyright or related rights has been made by the Author, especially on links with international subject-matter (e.g. comparison of terms), on-line uses and possible infringement by Internet Service Providers (with changes in the main index, too). Due to the many entries in alphabetical order, every new release is divided in two papery volumes: the entry "Italy" is in Volume 2
ITALY
No full textFrom 2003 to 2016, Prof. Alberto Musso has written and up-dated every year this Chapter, priorly written by Prof. Mario Fabiani. In particular, since 2003, the Chapter has analyzed the main changes in Italian Copyright Law, both from European sources - the Italian implementation of Directive 2001/29/EC on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (legislative decree N° 68/2003); of Directive 2001/84/EC on the resale right for the benefit of the author of an original work of art (Legislative Decree N° 118/2006); of Directive 2011/77/EU on the term of protection of copyright and certain related rights (Legislative Decree N° 22/2014); of Directive 2012/28/EU on certain permitted uses of orphan works (Legislative Decree N° 163/2014) - and from only national provisions (e.g. Articles 15, sec. 3, and 15-bis of the Italian Copyright Act on public performances of protected works in libraries, museums or cultural clubs.; the link with the Regulation of the Italian Authority on Communication about copyright protection on the net, pursuant to Article 32-bis of Legislative Decree N° 177/2005, and to Legislative Decree n° 9/2008 on audiovisual rights on sport events, etc.). These positive sources are always accompanied - also with criticism - by a wide description of case law and scholars' constructions of law and pratice of copyright and related rights in text and footnotes
The Trgovski Dom in Gorizia by Max Fabiani. Survey and simulation of the Petrarca Hall
No full textThe aim of this research was to study a part of the Trgovski Dom, a relevant building by Max Fabiani in Gorizia, realized in the beginning of 1900, actually in a great state of degradation.
The first step was the survey of the theatre, subdivided in three parts: the entrance, with a staircase, the main room – in two levels, parterre and gallery – and then the space for artists, with the stage, the dressing rooms, a large underground space as warehouse, and an helical staircase to connect all the parts.
The main space is the double-level room, where the spectators take place. Connected by a second staircase, it expresses very well the design idea of the author.
The second phase was the geometrical analysis and the comparison between the drawings resulted by the survey and the technical ones produced by Fabiani himself. Some differences were revealed, such as a different configuration of the staircase in the entrance, a variation in the distribution of the technical spaces, the presence of a small tower in the position of the helical staircase, to go to the flat roof of the building.
After the survey and the geometrical analysis, we started to reconstruct the digital model to simulate the interior space before the restoration of the building.
Due to this research it was possible to analyze in a detailed way the morphology of this space, compare it with the original solution, and simulate the initial idea of the architect, to understand better the Fabiani’s thought for a theatre space
Network-decentralised optimisation and control: an explicit saturated solution
No full textThis paper proposes a decentralised explicit (closed-form) iterative formula that solves convex programming problems with linear equality constraints and interval bounds on the decision variables. \ud
In particular, we consider a team of decision agents, each setting the value of a subset of the variables, and a team of information agents, in charge of ensuring that the equality constraints are fulfilled. The structure of the constraint matrix imposes a communication pattern between decision and information agents, which can be represented by a bipartite graph.\ud
We associate each information agent with an integral variable and each decision agent with a saturated function, which takes the interval bounds into account, and we design a decentralised dynamic mechanism that globally converges to the optimal solution.\ud
Under mild conditions, the convergence is shown to be exponential.\ud
We also provide a discrete-time algorithm, based on the Euler system, and we give an upper bound for the step parameter to ensure convergence.\ud
Although the considered optimisation problem is static, the proposed scheme can be successfully applied \ud
to find the optimal solution of network-decentralised dynamic control problems
Space In Fashion Design – Ƒ2 (Fabiani Fashion) Case Study
No full textTThese research inquiries into the transformation of complex architectural spatial objects into contemporary garments by implementing creative pattern cutting as an integrated part of the fashion design process. From the architecture design process, a creative process of generating ideas using the human body as the centre point of the creative process, and an understanding of the envelope around that space were implemented and researched in fashion design. A creative construction method evolved using the standard matrix of basic blocks and implementation of the sculptural work by creating three-dimensional paper garment forms. In this way, garment design is created inside - outside. The resulting garment forms visually articulate meanings arising from the architectural design works of Maks Fabiani regarding structure, historical context, content from within the premises and personal sensory experiences. The envisaged results are highly applicable, but, with a theoretical significance, they also open different views on a fashion design development process. The Æ‘2 (Fabiani Fashion) case study was carried out in 2015 by the author Tanja Devetak
Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obstructive sleep apnea
No full textBackground: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging liver disease and currently the most common cause of incidental abnormal liver tests. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifactorial and many mechanisms that cause fatty liver infiltration, inflammation, oxidative stress and progressive fibrosis have been proposed. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be linked with the pathogenesis and the severity of NAFLD.
Aim: To study the association between NAFLD and OSA considering also the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment.
Methods: A PubMed search was conducted using the terms "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease AND (obstructive sleep apnea OR obstructive sleep disorders OR sleep apnea)". Research was limited to title/abstract of articles published in English in the last 5 years; animal and child studies, case reports, commentaries, letters, editorials and meeting abstracts were not considered. Data were extracted on a standardized data collection table which included: First author, publication year, country, study design, number of patients involved, diagnosis and severity of OSA, diagnosis of NAFLD, patient characteristics, results of the study.
Results: In total, 132 articles were initially retrieved on PubMed search and 77 in the last five years. After removal of irrelevant studies, 13 articles were included in the qualitative analysis. There was a total of 2753 participants across all the studies with a mean age between 42 and 58 years. The proportion of males ranged from 21% to 87.9% and the mean body mass index ranged from 24.0 to 49.9 kg/m2. The results of this review showed an increased prevalence of NAFLD in patients with diagnosis of OSA, even in the absence of coexisting comorbidities such as obesity or metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, the severity of NAFLD is associated with the increase in OSA severity. Effective CPAP treatment, although not always decisive, may stabilize or slow NAFLD progression with benefits on metabolic and cardiovascular functions.
Conclusion: In NAFLD patients, although asymptomatic, it is recommended to systematically perform polysomnography in order to early and better treat them before the development of potentially life threatening systemic dysfunctions
Multi-Vehicle Automated Driving as a Generalized Mixed-Integer Potential Game
No full textThis paper considers the multi-vehicle automated driving coordination problem. We develop a distributed, hybrid decision-making framework for safe and efficient autonomous driving of selfish vehicles on multi-lane highways, where each dynamics is modeled as a mixed-logical–dynamical system. We formalize the coordination problem as a generalized mixed-integer potential game, seeking an equilibrium solution that generates almost individually optimal mixed-integer decisions, given the safety constraints. Finally, we embed the proposed best-response-based algorithms within the distributed open- and closed-loop control policies.Accepted Author ManuscriptTeam Bart De Schutte
Review of weather in São Paulo with the WRF Operational Model.
No full textEste estudo tem como objetivo a verificação das previsões diárias, das temperaturas máxima e mínima e precipitação acumulada, realizadas pelo modelo operacional de previsão numérica do tempo WRF (Weather Research Forecasting) para o estado de São Paulo. As condições iniciais e de fronteira fornecidas pela análise e previsão das 00UTC do modelo Global Forecast System (GFS), são usados no processamento do WRF, para previsões de 72 horas, em duas grades aninhadas (espaçamentos horizontais de grade de 50 km, D1, e 16,6 km, D2). O período avaliado foi de abril de 2010 a março de 2011. As comparações diárias das temperaturas máxima e mínima foram realizadas entre os valores preditos e observados nas estações de superfície de Registro, São Paulo, Paranapanema, Campinas, Presidente Prudente e Votuporanga (dados da CIIAGRO); através do erro médio (EM) e raiz do erro médio quadrático (REQM), para os prognósticos das 36, 60 e 72 horas. A precipitação acumulada diária é avaliada com relação ao produto MERGE, pela aplicação da ferramenta MODE, na previsão das 36 horas, para um limiar de 0,3 mm, no domínio espacial abrangendo o Estado de São Paulo e vizinhanças. Primeiramente, fez-se uma análise, comparando os pares de grade dos campos previsto e observado, utilizando os índices estatísticos de verificação tradicional de probabilidade de acerto (PA); índice crítico de sucesso (ICS); viés (VIÉS); probabilidade de detecção (PD) e razão de falso alarme (RFA). Posteriormente, foram analisados os campos de precipitação com relação à razão de área (RA); distância dos centroides (DC); razões de percentil 50 (RP50) e 90 (RP90). Os resultados evidenciaram que as saídas numéricas do modelo WRF com D2 tiveram desempenho melhor comparado à grade de menor resolução (maior espaçamento de grade horizontal, D1), tanto no prognóstico diário das temperaturas (máxima e mínima) quanto da precipitação acumulada. A temperatura apresentou um padrão de amortecimento, com temperaturas diárias máxima subestimada e mínima superestimada. Com relação à precipitação, as saídas numéricas do modelo GFS e WRF com D2 mostraram desempenho semelhante, com o D2 apresentando índices ligeiramente melhores, enquanto que as saídas numéricas do modelo WRF com D1 exibiram pior desempenho. Verificou-se um padrão de superestimativa, tanto em termos de abrangência espacial quanto em intensidade, para o modelo GFS e WRF em ambos os domínios simulados, ao longo de todo o período analisado. O percentil 50 é, geralmente, maior que o observado; entretanto, o percentil 90 é mais próximo ao observado. Os resultados também indicam que o viés dos modelos varia ao longo do ano analisado. Os melhores índices tanto com relação à precipitação quanto à temperatura foram obtidos para a estação de verão, com o modelo WRF com D2 apresentando melhores prognósticos. Entretanto, os modelos apresentam os maiores erros no inverno e no outono. Estes erros foram decorrentes de subestimativas das temperaturas máximas e superestimativas de área e intensidade de precipitação.Forecasts of daily maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall performed by the operational numerical weather prediction WRF (Weather Research Forecasting) model in the São Paulo are evaluated. Initial and boundary conditions provided by the 00UTC Global Forecast System (GFS) Model and WRF run for 72 hours, with two nested grids (with horizontal grid spacing of 50 km, D1, and 16.6 km, D2). The study was made for April 2010 to March 2011 period. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures comparisons were made, between predicted and observed data of the surface weather stations of Registro, São Paulo, Paranapanema, Campinas, Presidente Prudente and Votuporanga (CIIAGRO Data), through the mean error (ME) and root mean square error(RMSE), for the 36, 60 and 72 hours forecasts. The daily accumulated rainfall is evaluated using MODE with respect to the MERGE product, for the 36 hours forecast, with threshold of 0.3 mm over the spatial domain covering the State of São Paulo and neighborhoods. First, an analysis was made comparing grid pairs of predicted and observed fields, through the traditional statistical verification indexes: accuracy (PA), critical success index (ICS), bias (VIES), probability of detection (PD) and false alarm ratio (RFA). Subsequently, we analyzed the precipitation field with respect to area ratio (AR), distance from the centroids (DC), ratio of the 50th percentile (RP50) and ratio of the 90th percentile (RP90). The WRF, with D2 nested grid, had better performance compared to the grid of lower space resolution (higher horizontal grid spacing, D1) for both, daily temperatures (maximum and minimum) and the accumulated rainfall forecasts. The temperature forecast presented a damped pattern, with underestimated maximum and overestimated minimum values. Rainfall was overall overestimated spatially and in intensity for the three models throughout the analized period. The forecasted 50th percentile is generally higher than that observed, however, the 90th percentile is closer to observations. The results also indicate that the bias of the models varies annually. The best performances for both rainfall and temperature were obtained for the summer season, with the D2 showing slightly better results. However, the models had the biggest errors during the winter and autumn seasons. These errors were due to underestimation of maximum temperatures and overestimation in area and intensity of precipitation
Response to 'Polarization and poverty reduction in Africa: The devil is in the choice of equivalence relation'
No full textThank you very much for asking us to respond to this very interesting paper and give the opportunity to shed additional light on a debate that we find extremely relevant for Africa. We take Partridge's (2021) criticism as an opportunity to reflect not only on the methodology we suggest but also on the broad message we want to convey. The paper questions the validity of our results (Clementi et al., 2018, 2019) by basically attempting to confute two claims made in our work. Claim 1 states that our work can account for "distributional changes that went undetected by standard inequality measures", and Claim 2 states that "there was an increase in polarization caused by a 'hollowing out' of the middle and a 'concentration' in the lowest and highest deciles of the distribution". The author attempts to disprove both claims, concluding that we misinterpreted our results ..
Mudanças climáticas e seus impactos na produtividade da cultura de milho e estratégias de manejo para minimização de perdas em diferentes regiões brasileiras
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