1,720,956 research outputs found
Nonmedical Gender-Affirming Practices in Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents: A Narrative Review
No full textPurpose: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adolescents may experience distress with chest and genital anatomy as a result of incongruence between their gender identity and their assigned sex. Nonmedical gender affirmation practices (chest binding or padding/genital tucking or packing) are reversible and temporary gender-affirming practices that may help alleviate the distress before, or in addition to, medical or surgical treatment. Although these nonmedical gender-affirming practices can provide mental health benefits, they may also have long-term physical side effects. This review aims to summarize available data on the risks and benefits of nonmedical gender-affirming practices in TGD adolescents.
Methods: A narrative literature search of major databases was conducted. Given the paucity of studies on TGD adolescents, data from studies conducted on TGD adults were included to outline an overall picture of the younger population.
Results: A total of 17 articles and four online resources were included in this review. Nonmedical gender-affirming practices have a strong positive impact on the mental health of TGD youth. When binding and tucking are performed conscientiously, both practices are generally safe. Pediatricians and other involved health providers should discuss with the youth the main risks associated with binding (back pain, overheating, skin irritations, and chest compression) and tucking (itching, skin irritations, infections, and testicular torsion) while providing advice on how to minimize them.
Conclusions: Nonmedical gender-affirming practices can relieve mental suffering caused by gender incongruence. Adolescents, families, and health care professionals should improve their knowledge of the risks and benefits of these practices. Due to lack of data on nonmedical gender-affirming practices in pediatrics, our findings confirm the urgent need for dedicated research on nonmedical gender-affirming practices among TGD adolescents
Omalizumab effectiveness in patients with a previously failed oral immunotherapy for severe milk allergy
Full text linkBackground: Some studies addressed the issue of omalizumab (OML) effectiveness in children starting their first oral immunotherapy (OIT) attempt but no study investigated the possible role of OML in the setting of patients with persisting milk allergy after a failed OIT attempt.Methods: Single-center, prospective, observational study in a selected group of patients with a persisting and severe cow milk (CM) allergy associated with moderate allergic asthma, in which a previous OIT attempt had already failed. We performed an open oral food challenge (OFC) to identify patients who tolerated less than 173 mg of cow's milk protein. At the end of the recruitment, we have found four patients with a mean age of 16.25 years (8-24) who had suspended a previous OIT attempt and still reacted to an amount of CM equal or below 173 mg. Enrolled patients, after an 8-week course of OML along with a CM avoiding diet, underwent again an open OFC with CM to re-evaluate their threshold. Eventually, a new OIT course was started using the same OIT protocol of the previous attempt, maintaining cotreatment with OML for the first 12 months. For each patient, we documented: the threshold of CM at OFC, level of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG4 for milk, and quality of life (QoL).Results: During OIT the four patients experienced no reactions or extremely mild ones (oral itching, transient mild abdominal pain). All increased their threshold of CM in OML if compared with the baseline and maintained it long after that biologic therapy had discontinued. Specific milk proteins IgG4 levels significantly increased in all.Conclusion: In this series, OML was effective in patients with severe CM allergy who had previously failed OIT, allowing milk intake without adverse reactions and improving the QoL
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Life‐threatening anaphylaxis in children with cow's milk allergy during oral immunotherapy and after treatment failure
Full text linkBackground: Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising therapeutic approach for children with persistent IgE-mediated cows milk allergy (CMA) but data are still limited.Objective: To analyze the prevalence of life-threatening anaphylaxis in children with persistent CMA undergoing OIT and to evaluate potential risk factors.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study among children with persistent CMA undergoing OIT over a 20-year period, following a specific Oral Tolerance Induction protocol. Adverse reactions during the whole period and data on long-term outcome were registered. Descriptive and nondescriptive statistics were used to describe data.Results: Three hundred forty-two children were evaluated. During OIT, 12 children (3.5%) presented severe anaphylactic reactions that needed an adrenaline injection. None required intubation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or showed a fatal outcome. Five of them abandoned OIT, five reached unrestricted diet and the others are still undergoing OIT. As far as outcome is concerned, 51.2% reached an unrestricted diet; 13.5% are at the build-up stage; and 28.0% (97 patients) stopped the OIT. Among these 96 children, 6.3% experienced a severe reaction induced by accidental ingestion of milk with two fatal outcomes.Conclusions: The risk of life-threatening reactions was nearly two times lower (3.5% vs. 6.3%) among patients assuming milk during OIT than in those who stopped the protocol. A trend in favor of more severe reactions, requiring ICU admission, or fatal, was shown in patients who stopped OIT
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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