17 research outputs found
Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study Dataset
No full textWe conducted a systematic mapping study to address and survey the issues of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) in the domain of Requirements Engineering (RE), as a new sub-field of RE research known as NLP4RE studies. The attached datasets represent the references and metadata for the 404 selected and included NLP4RE studies, and a separate document to list all of the unique venues for publishing these studies. For citing the full paper, please use the reference below: @article{zhao2020natural, title={Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study}, author={Liping Zhao and Waad Alhoshan and Alessio Ferrari and Keletso J. Letsholo and Muideen A. Ajagbe and Erol-Valeriu Chioasca and Riza T. Batista-Navarro}, year={2020}, journal = {ACM Computing Surveys} } Liping Zhao, Waad Alhoshan, Ferrari Alessio, Keletso Letsholo, Muideen Ajagbe, Erol-Valeriu Chioasca, and Riza Batista-Navarro. Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study. ACM Computing Surveys, 2020
Profile of rape victims attending the Karl Bremer Hospital Rape Centre, Tygerberg, Cape Town
No full textBackground: Given the high prevalence of HIV infection in this country today it is not difficult to observe the risk faced by victims of sexual assault. In addition, there is a lack of available data on the per-episode risk of HIV infection with specific sexual encounters,1 and in combination with poor follow-up of sexual assault victims,2–4 this has resulted in few studies assessing the risk of HIV infection after sexual assault. There is a paucity of research conducted in this field particularly at rape centres in the Cape Metropolitan area of the Western Cape.Methods: Aim: To obtain a profile of sexual assault victims and the treatment received at the Karl Bremer Hospital Rape Centre over a period of one year.Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional survey.Setting: The study was conducted at the rape centre at the Karl Bremer Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. To describe the frequency of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in rape victims, all consecutive patients who presented to the rape centre over the one-year period from 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2007 were included in the sample. A total of 820 patient records were evaluated. The researcher and research assistant examined the victims' folders at the rape centre for information covered in the objectives. A checklist was used as an instrument to obtain relevant information on pregnancy, STIs, pre- and post-test counselling, HIV status, tolerance to anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment post sexual assault and other information covered in the objectives. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.Results: The age of the victims ranged from six to 70 years (average age 23.3). Most of the victims (76.5%) were aged 10–29, 14.3% were aged 30–39, 2.1% were 50 or older and 0.2% were less than 10 years of age. About 5.5% had completed primary school, 26.8% had completed secondary school and only 1.8% had tertiary education. Most of the victims were not married (91.8%) and had experienced their first episode of sexual assault (88.4%). In addition, about 24.6% presented with STI and 12.1% were HIV positive at presentation. About two-thirds (67.2%) of the victims were offered post-coital contraception. It is, however, disturbing to note that only 6.2% had pre-test counselling and only 6.1% had post-test counselling.About two-thirds (66.83%) of the victims were offered ARV therapy. Of the 548 patients who received ARV therapy, 64.2% were placed on Combivir® and only 1.5% took zidovudine. There seems to be a positive association between STI and HIV infection at presentation (OR 2.96; 95% CI 1.96–4.56). There was no statistically significant difference between level of education, employment status or marital status and HIV status at presentation. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between number of episodes of sexual assault and HIV status.Conclusion: The prevalence of STI in victims of sexual assault attending the Karl Bremer Hospital Rape Centre during the period 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2007 is 24.6% and that of documented HIV infection, 12.1%. The results also seem to confirm a positive association between STI and HIV infection in this study population. Pre-test and post-test counselling occurred very infrequently and this needs to be addressed. Further, attention needs to be focused on proper training of professional staff members with regard to counselling skills to further enhance the quality of care of sexual assault victims at the Karl Bremer Hospital Rape Centre
Improving treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder in low- and middle-income countries: the role of non-specialist care providers.
No full textPublic health and research funding for childhood neurodevelopmental disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa: a time to balance priorities
No full textSub-Saharan African (SSA) population consists of about 45% children, while in Europe and North America children population is 10- 15%. Lately, attention has been directed at mitigating childhood infectious and communicable diseases to reduce under-five mortality. As the under-five mortality index in Sub-Saharan Africa has relatively improved over the last two decades, more Sub-Saharan African children are surviving beyond the age of five and, apparently, a sizeable percentage of this population would be living with one or more childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). The distribution of child mental health service resources across the world is unequal. This manifests in the treatment gap of major childhood onset mental health problems in SSA, with the gap being more pronounced for childhood NDD. It is important to balance the public health focus and research funding priorities in Sub-Saharan Africa. We urgently need to define the burden of childhood NDD in the region for healthcare planning and policy formulation
Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in Africa: Need for Shifting Research and Public Health Focus
No full textEstimation of top depth to underground targets of Karous-Hjelt and Fraser filtering of VLF-EM measurements: The Thumb's rule approach
No full textPrediction of the exact location and depth of underground targets with the very low-frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) technique is one of the most important and difficult tasks in geophysical investigations. This study examined and compared the conventional 2D KIFFILT inversion pseudo-section and the use of Thumb's rule technique in the Fraser filter plot to estimate the top depth of underground targets. The VLF-EM measurement was performed over several empirical buried target models to identify anomalies or geophysical responses corresponding to subsurface targets. The Karous-Hjelt and Fraser filtering techniques were applied to estimate the depth of the identified anomalies using Thumb's rule and the conventional 2D KIFFILT inversion. The signal behaviours of the VLF-EM current density pseudo-sections and the application of Thumb's rule effectiveness in delineating empirical buried target models were examined. Thumb's rule shows 65 % accuracy with the actual depth of the empirical buried target models, while the conventional 2D KHFFILT inversion shows 30 % accuracy with the actual depth of burial. Thumb's rule is more effective and precise in predicting the accurate depth of underground targets. The influences of conductive and resistive materials on VLF-EM signals and the challenges of VLF-EM surveys were discussed. Thumb's rule is suggested as a substantial technique for estimating top depth to the underground target where depth estimation is of prime interest due to its large degree of accuracy. In addition, the total depth of the current density distribution was noted to be increased when the distance between measuring points increased. This means that VLF-EM signals with longer wavelengths indicate deeper depth penetration into the ground than signals with shorter wavelengths. The accuracy of Thumb's rule regarding top depth estimation of the anomalies has been successfully tested and validated, which can be used for VLF-EM investigation where accurate depth estimation is required. The VLF-EM technique can be considered reliable for depth estimation using Thumb's rule approach, which applies to a wide range of subsurface investigations
A comparison of treatment response in two cohorts of once daily HAART and twice daily HAART in a sample population in Gaborone, Botswana
No full textThesis (MFamMed) -- Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background Sub-Saharan Africa has been hard hit by the HIV/AIDS epidemic with an estimated 22.9 million adults infected in 2010. The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has seen significant reduction in mortality from AIDS related illnesses. With the reduction of mortality and the indisputable positive results seen from the use of Anti-retroviral Treatment (ART), the demand both from people living with HIV and health care providers to phase in less toxic ARVs while maintaining simplified fixed-dose combinations has increased considerably. Botswana like most low-resource countries has adapted the WHO recommendation of daily ART as opposed to the previous twice daily HAART. No evidence from resource limited settings has been found that clearly indicates the superiority of regimens based on AZT, d4T or TDF.
Aim The primary aim was to compare treatment response between two cohorts. The secondary aim was to compare any association of regimen to age or gender.
Objectives To comparatively determine treatment response at 3 months based on immunological response (shown by an increase in CD4 above pre-therapy levels) and viral load response.
Methods The study is a retrospective comparative cohort study. Three ART sites were selected from a total of 6 sites. A sample size of 263 was required to achieve a 90% effect power. An equal number of patient records were reviewed per site and each arm had an equal number of reviewed records. A total of 286 patient record files which fit the inclusion criteria were retrospectively analysed and data entered in Excel before being analysed using Statistica Version 10. A p <0.05 represents statistical significance whilst a 95% confidence interval was used for estimation of unknown variables.
Results n=263. The overall sample was predominantly male (75.19%). An overwhelming majority (95.88%) of patients in both arms had undetectable viral loads (VL<400). A significant association was found between the regimen and viral load (p=0.0315-Pearson Chi Test). The difference in CD4 between the two arms was not statistically significant (p=0.655890-ANOVA). A positive association was found between the regimen and gender (p=0.03190-Pearson Chi Test). This was possibly owing to the high numbers of males and no statistical adjustment to gender made. No association was found in the difference in CD4 cell counts for regimen and gender (p=0.612191-Anova).
Conclusion Treatment response at 3 months post initiation between once daily and twice daily HAART in Gaborone Botswana by use of virologic and immunologic response has been shown to be comparable. The use of one regimen over the other as first line as recommended by WHO and the subsequent adoption of the current first line regimen by the Botswana Ministry of Health may be justified. This study has therefore reinforced the applicability of previous findings in other settings of this recommendation. As part of the targeted audience and indeed as a partner in the care and management of HIV, the responsibility to ensure applicability of the recommendations set out for resource limited areas has been achieved through this study. However, bigger randomized trials in resource limited settings are needed to justify and accredit these findings as well as add to the evidence obtained in developed countries
Neurodevelopmental delay among children under the age of three years at immunization clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria – Preliminary report
No full textLate diagnosis and interventions characterize childhood neurodevelopmental disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa. This has negatively impacted on the prognosis of the children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This study examined the prevalence and pattern of neurodevelopmental delays among children under the age of 3 years attending immunization clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria and also affords opportunity of early follow-up and interventions, which had been documented to improve prognosis. The study involved two stage assessments; which consisted of first phase screening of the children for neurodevelopmental delays in immunization clinics at primary healthcare centers Lagos State, Nigeria and second phase which consists of definitive clinical evaluation and follow-up interventions for children screened positive for neurodevelopmental delays. Twenty seven (0.9%) of a total of 3,011 children under the age of 3 years were screened positive for neurodevelopmental delays and subsequently undergoing clinical evaluation and follow-up interventions. Preliminary working diagnoses among these children include cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder trait, nutritional deficiency, Down syndrome and Non-specific neurodevelopmental delay with co-morbid seizure disorder accounting for 33.3%, 14.8%, 18.5%, 7.4% and 25.9% respectively. This is a preliminary report that would be followed up with information on medium and long term intervention phase.Version of Recor
Investigating the connectivity of Geshere and Rishiwa younger granite using aero-radiometric data
No full textGeshere and Rishiwa Younger Granites (YGs) are physically two separate bodies and are believed to be either from the same source or one is an extension of the other. Previous work suggests they could be connected at the subsurface, but the use of radiometric data can provide clarity as it reflects rocks' geochemical formation. This work focused on identifying possible connection between the two YGs based on the variation of the radioelements in the study area. The result shows the values of potassium, thorium, and uranium range from 0.1 to 4.9 %, 11.9 to 61.2 ppm, and 1.4 to 10.3 ppm respectively, which are lower to the range of the radioelements (that of potassium is comparatively close) reported in part of Egypt. The average potassium concentration around Geshere and Rishiwa is high (4.5 and 4.1 % respectively), thorium is low (13.1 and 14.9 ppm respectively), and uranium is low around Geshere and south of Rishiwa YGs, but high at north of Rishiwa YG. The composite maps of the three radioelements and the potassium reveal the extent of the YGs. The Th/K map indicates the two YGs are connected. Moreover, the composite maps of thorium, and uranium suggested the south of Rishiwa and Geshere share similar geochemistry. Geochemical analysis is recommended on rock samples of a region west of the Gehere YG which is a Pan-Africa Basement Complex but shows anomalies similar to the YGs
Factors Associated with the Knowledge of Health Care Workers on Andropause in Ibadan North East Local Government Area
No full textIntroduction: Andropause, a condition characterized by declining androgen production in aging men, poses significant health concerns. Despite its impact, misconceptions and lack of awareness prevail, leading to under-diagnosis and mismanagement. Addressing this knowledge gap is crucial, especially with the rising elderly population globally. This study explores the diverse understanding of andropause among healthcare workers in Ibadan North East, Nigeria, focusing on sociodemographic factors influencing their knowledge.
Objective: This study aims to comprehensively understand sociodemographic factors affecting healthcare workers' knowledge of andropause in Ibadan North East. By identifying these factors, targeted educational interventions can be developed to enhance understanding and improve the quality of care for aging men.
Method of Data Analysis: Quantitative data from structured questionnaires were analyzed using statistical methods, including descriptive statistics and inferential analyses. Sociodemographic variables were correlated with knowledge levels, employing chi-square tests and t-tests for comparison. Qualitative data from open-ended questions were thematically analyzed to extract key insights.
Results: The study revealed varied knowledge levels among respondents. Age significantly impacted knowledge, with the 30-49 age group exhibiting superior understanding (χ² = 12.67, p < 0.05). Marital status also played a crucial role, with married individuals displaying higher knowledge (χ² = 18.24, p < 0.01). Professional experience correlated positively with andropause knowledge (χ² = 15.38, p < 0.05), emphasizing the importance of continued education. Discrepancies in preventive measures and symptoms were noted, with 42.9% emphasizing the importance of avoiding excessive sugar intake and 57.1% believing local herbs could address symptoms.
Conclusion: The study reveals a diverse and multifaceted understanding of andropause among healthcare workers. Sociodemographic factors such as age and marital status significantly influence knowledge levels. Addressing these disparities through tailored educational initiatives is imperative to bridge the knowledge gap and promote accurate understanding of andropause.
Recommendation: Tailored educational interventions should be developed, considering the influence of age and marital status, to enhance healthcare workers' understanding of andropause. Open dialogues within communities and healthcare settings should be encouraged to break the stigma associated with andropause, ensuring men receive necessary support and medical guidance
