1,720,983 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Development of a recombinant genotype-matched live attenuated vaccine against genotype VII Newcastle disease virus
Full text linkNewcastle disease is a highly contagious viral disease of birds considered as one of the most important militating factors against poultry production all over the world. Current control strategies against the disease rely on the use of vaccines developed more than six decades ago. Although those vaccines are still effective by virtue of the fact that all Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) belong to the same serotype, they neither provide a complete protection in commercial chickens, nor do they block the replication and shedding of the virulent virus following infection with genotype VII NDV. Phylogenetically, the vaccines are classified as either genotype I or II, and are evolutionarily divergent from genotype VII isolates which have been the most predominantly circulating NDV strains in Malaysia and many parts of the world for the past 20 years. Therefore in the present study, reverse genetics technology was applied to genetically attenuate the pathogenicity of a recently isolated virulent Malaysian NDV strain IBS025/13. First and foremost, in silico nucleotide substitutions were made on the complete genome sequence of NDV strain IBS025/13, in order to modify the fusion protein (F) cleavage site of the virus from the virulent polybasic (RRQKRF) to avirulent monobasic (GRQGRL) amino acid motifs. Unique MluI and SgrDI enzyme sites were also created at the P-M junction in order to facilitate future expression of foreign genes using the NDV backbone. The modified full length sequence (15.2 kb) was then entirely synthesised (GenScript, USA), subcloned into pOLTV5 transcription vector under the transcriptional control of T7 promoter and then named pOLTV5-mIBS025. Furthermore, expression plasmids for the NDV’s minimum replication machinery (NP, P and L genes) were constructed in pCIneo mammalian expression vector and named pCIneo-NP, pCIneo-P and pCIneo- L respectively. These constructs, collectively referred as helper plasmids, were later tested for functionality in reverse genetics experiments using minigenome rescue system. Next, baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells stably expressing T7 RNA polymerase were co-transfected with the mixture of the helper plasmids and pOLTV5- mIBS025 at an optimized ratio (1:0.5:0.25:0.2μg of POLTV5-mIBS025: pCineo-NP: pCIneo-P: pCIneo-L respectively). Interestingly, a recombinant virus designated NDV mIBS025, was successfully rescued following amplification in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated eggs, as evidenced by positive hemagglutination reaction. To confirm the identity of the recombinant virus, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify a partial F gene region encompassing the cleavage site. DNA sequencing of the amplicons confirmed the presence of the engineered monobasic F cleavage site. Further biological characterization indicate that the recombinant virus has completely lost its pathogenicity as determined by the mean death time (MDT) in SPF embryonated eggs (150.4 hours) and the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) (0.0) in one-day old SPF chickens. Interestingly, when the recombinant virus was sequentially passaged in SPF eggs, it was found to not only maintain the monobasic F cleavage site, but also retained its attenuated phenotype after five consecutive passages, indicating the stability of the newly acquired attenuated phenotype. Finally, when one-day old SPF chickens were immunised with either 6log10 EID50 LaSota or the recombinant NDV mIBS025, a steadily increasing antibody titer was observed in both groups from 0-21 days post immunization, as determined by hemagglutination inhibition test using either genotype II or genotype VII NDV isolates as the HA antigen. Moreover, birds vaccinated with either LaSota or the recombinant NDVmIBS025 at the dose of 106 EID50 were completely protected against morbidity and mortality following experimental challenge with a lethal dose of the virulent genotype VII NDV strain IBS002/11. However, while both vaccines reduced the cloacal and oropharyngeal virus shedding compared to the unvaccinated group, the recombinant NDV mIBS025 significantly reduced both the duration and load quantity of the virus shed compared to the LaSota vaccine. In conclusion, reverse genetics has been used to generate a genotype-matched live attenuated vaccine candidate based on the recently circulating virulent NDV IBS025/13. Immunogenicity assessment indicates that the vaccine induced a high antibody titer capable of protecting chicken against the virulent genotype VII NDV challenge. The vaccine also appears to be more promising in terms of reducing the shedding of the virulent virus post challenge
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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