1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Genotypic and phenotypic correlates of the HIV type 1 env gene evolution in infected children with discordant response to antiretroviral therapy
No full textThe genotypic - phenotypic correlates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) env gene evolution were investigated in samples from eight infected children under antiretroviral therapy (ART) and virological failure. Evolution of the gp120 C2 - V5 env sequence was demonstrated in all subjects but one by sequence analysis of the replicating plasma virus collected at baseline and 12 - 15 months after ART initiation. The analysis of the host's selective pressure showed that in four subjects, the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous amino acid substitutions was higher in the V3 sequences than in the C2 - V5 region ([K-a/K-s](V3)/[K-a/K-s](C2-V5) > 1.0). Interestingly, this feature was observed only in subjects ( four of five) showing an increase in T cell receptor rearrangement excision circle (TREC)-bearing cells and in CD4(+) T-lymphocytes despite persistent viremia ( discordant therapeutic response) ( p = 0.02), thus suggesting that the V3 loop is a target of the immune reconstitution under ART. Using phenotypic analysis of recombinant viruses expressing exogenous V3 sequences, a reverse shift from CXCR4-tropic to CCR5-tropic variants was demonstrated in two of the four subjects, further indicating that the host's selective pressure sharply forces the V3 evolution of replicating variants. The data indicate that a complex HIV-1 - host interplay occurs in children receiving antiretroviral treatments and suggest that the recovery of thymic function places a selective constraint on the viral V3 loop
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Long-term decay of the HIV-1 reservoir in HIV-1-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy
No full textTo investigate the decay of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir in children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), we measured HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 14 children who achieved and maintained suppression of plasma viremia up to 48 months after the initiation of HAART. Levels of intracellular unspliced and multiply spliced HIV-1 RNA were used as markers of residual viral replication. During the first month of HAART, there were significant decays in levels of both plasma HIV-1 RNA and multiply spliced HIV-1 RNA, yet unspliced HIV-1 RNA persisted in most of the children. Greater HIV-1 DNA decay during the first month of HAART correlated with a higher concomitant increase in CD4(+) cell counts (P=.028) and a smaller subsequent HIV-1 DNA decay (P=.0012). Furthermore, HIV-1 DNA decayed faster from 1 to 9 months of HAART (median half-life, 5 months) than during the subsequent follow-up period (median half-life, 30 months). Moreover, after 9 months of HAART, HIV-1 DNA tended to decay more slowly in children with detectable levels of unspliced HIV-1 RNA. These findings suggest that clearance of the viral reservoir in HAART-treated children may be influenced by immune repopulation and residual viral replication and may help in refining long-term treatment strategies
Immune reconstitution in HIV-1 infected children with discordant response to antiretroviral therapies: patterns of HIV-1 env gene evolution driven by restoration of thymic function.
No full textThe evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) env gp120 region was addressed in HIV-1 infected children showing virological failure to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Sequence analysis of the replicating plasma virus at baseline and after one year of therapy documented evolution of gp120 in all subjects but one. Analysis of the host's selective pressure showed that the values of Ka/Ks ratios were higher in the V3 sequence than in the whole C2-V5 region in 4 of 5 children with improvement of thymic output. Moreover, in 2 of the 4 chidren, the V3 evolution paralleled with a reverse shift of the viral phenotype (from CXCR4-tropic to CCR5-tropic). These results suggest that, under ART, the V3 evolution towards less pathogenic viral variants may be driven by the host's increased selective pressure following restoration of thymic function and immune reconstitution
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