4,518 research outputs found
Islamist movements at crossroads: the choice between ideology and context-driven approach to politics. Case study on the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
No full textThe aim of the paper is to analyse the ongoing transformation process within the Islamist movements using the example of the moderate Islamic Action Front party in Jordan. The dilemma of participation in the 2010 general elections raised tensions between the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan and its political wing, the Islamic Action Front, and between doves and hawks of the same organizations. Internal debate on the future has started recently among different groups within the Islamist movement in Jordan. The research is based on the author‘s recent field experience in Jordan (April–July 2010, Andrew W. Mellon Fellowship at the American Centre of Oriental Research, Amman, Jordan). The author also conducted research in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Egypt, where several interviews were carried out with leading and lower level Islamist politicians. The dynamic changes within Islamic Action Front Party in Jordan and its relation with the regime has been used as reference point. The main question of the research was aa how the changing political and regional context shapes decisions of the Islamist with special attention to the acceptance of democratic values and human rights, political participation, and the meanings of Islamic values in the 21st century, possible cooperation with secular parties/movements/the regime
Narratives of ethnicity and nationalism : a case study of Circassians in Jordan
No full textThis research is an exploration of ethnic narratives of the Circassian
community in Jordan, in addition to the nationalist narratives promoted by the state
of Jordan, and their reconstruction by the research participants. This research aims to
understand how the research participants, as non-Arabs, understand and makes
sense of the Pan-Arab ethnonational narratives promoted by the state through the
‘Jordan First’ nationalist campaign and textbooks of national and civic education. It
also seeks to understand the ethnic narratives of the Circassian community. It
highlights the fact that ethnic narratives are often contextualised, and come to light
always in comparison to the other. It also shows how ethnic narratives are gendered,
can include or exclude women, and gender relations are ethnicised, or in other
words used as markers for group boundaries.
The main aim of this research is to unpack the research participants’
conceptualisations of Jordan and the Pan-Arabism, and to understand the strategies
they use to include themselves within these narratives. It intends to evaluate
whether research participants see themselves as integrated into the Jordanian society
or not. Whereas the community itself is often portrayed as integrated into the
society, because many of them are in high governmental positions, and the
ceremonial guards of the Royal Family are the Circassians, it is also important to
examine whether they believe that they are, and how. This thesis contributes to the
literature on ethnicity and nationalism based on a minority with unique profile, and
also contributes to the overall body of literature on state nationalism in the Middle
East. The research has been approached through the use of both qualitative and
quantitative data collection methods. It is based on the analysis of textbooks of
national and civic education, and the ‘Jordan First’ campaign, in addition to 13
interviews and 62 questionnaires
The Compliance with Intellectual Property Laws and their Enforcement in Jordan- A post-WTO Review & Analysis
No full textThis thesis examines the implementation, enforcement and evolution of IP laws and regulations in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The period of interest includes the last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty first century, with emphasis on the role played by Free Trade Agreements struck between Jordan and the United States, the European Union, and Jordan’s accession to the World Trade Organization.
This thesis also examines the enforcement of the current set of IP laws in Jordan, and looks at their social and economic compatibility with the Jordanian societal norms and economic realities.
This thesis argues that Jordanian IP laws lack a meaningful social and economic texture, and have failed to be evenly enforced in Jordan, essentially because they do not fit the Jordanian culture and are not compatible with Jordan’s economic stage of development. Additionally, the thesis argues that IP laws have had insignificant economic impact on the Jordanian economy as the majority of technologies used in Jordan, and the majority of foreign direct investments attracted to Jordan, are not IP related. Finally, the thesis argues that the current Jordanian enforcement model, which is built on coercion by donor countries, is serving the interests of foreign companies to the exclusion of the local citizens, and will not, in the long run, produce an enforcement model based on self-regulation by Jordanians, themselves. The laws, therefore, are unable to produce tangible results for the Jordanian people, or help meet their economic interests.
The last part of the thesis deals with recommendations and suggestions aimed at creating an integrated approach to the adoption of IP policies
(Never) Mind your p's and q's: Von Neumann versus Jordan on the Foundations of Quantum Theory
No full textIn early 1927, Pascual Jordan (1927b) published his version of what came to be known as the Dirac-Jordan statistical transformation theory. Later that year and partly in response to Jordan, John von Neumann (1927a) published the modern Hilbert space formalism of quantum mechanics. Central to both formalisms are expressions for conditional probabilities of finding some value for one quantity given the value of another. Beyond that Jordan and von Neumann had very different views about the appropriate formulation of problems in the new theory. For Jordan, unable to let go of the analogy to classical mechanics, the solution of such problems required the identification of sets of canonically conjugate variables, i.e., p’s and q’s. Jordan (1927e) ran into serious difficulties when he tried to extend his approach from quantities with fully continuous spectra to those with wholly or partly discrete spectra. For von Neumann, not constrained by the analogy to classical physics and aware of the daunting mathematical difficulties facing the approach of Jordan (and, for that matter, Dirac (1927)), the solution of a problem in the new quantum mechanics required only the identification of a maximal set of commuting operators with simultaneous eigenstates. He had no need for p’s and q’s. Related to their disagreement about the appropriate general formalism for the new theory, Jordan and von Neumann stated the characteristic new rules for probabilities in quantum mechanics somewhat differently. Jordan (1927b) was the first to state those rules in full generality, von Neumann (1927a) rephrased them and then sought to derive them from more basic considerations (von Neumann, 1927b). In this paper we reconstruct the central arguments of these 1927 papers by Jordan and von Neumann and of a paper on Jordan’s approach by Hilbert, von Neumann, and Nordheim (1928). We highlight those elements in these papers that bring out the gradual loosening of the ties between the new quantum formalism and classical mechanics
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An assessment of the political economy of trade between Jordan and the United States of America
No full textThis thesis considers the political economy of trade between Jordan and the United States. In so doing a number of questions are asked regarding the national interests which have led to the facilitation of bilateral trade, the nature of contemporary trade and market integration as well as the impacts of these on inter-state cooperation. Throughout this thesis the role of Jordanian and US engagement in international institutions is considered and conclusions formed regarding the utility of these in trade relations and inter-state cooperation. It is found that the Jordanian government's key interests over the past decade or so have been the pursuit of economic growth and stability. It is also found that these interests have been pursued through economic reform at the domestic level and trade liberalisation through international institutions at the international level. It is also concluded that the United States is pursuing a number of key policy goals in the Middle East and North Africa. These are, securing sustainable access to the region's resources, gaining greater access to the region's markets and achieving inter-state cooperation with MENA states. It is demonstrated that the United States is pursuing these goals by encouraging states in the region to engage in international institutions and liberalise trade with each other and with the United States to increase economic integration and inter-state cooperation. The convergence of the two states' policy directions has led to inter-state cooperation in the facilitation of trade between Jordan and the United States.In order to assess the current nature of contemporary trade between Jordan and the United States and what the impacts of inter-state cooperation have been, trade in three economic sectors has been studied
(σ,τ )– (J,R) – DERIVATIONS ON JORDAN IDEALS
No full textلتكن R حلقة تجميعية مركزها Z(R). نتائج Bell و Kappe المعروفة والمتعلقة بالمشتقات على الحلقات الاولية درست بتوسع من قبل العديد من الباحثين، بعض هؤلاء الباحثين عمموا هذه النتائج لمشتقة - a مثلYenigual و Arguc والبعض الاخر عمموا هذه النتائج لمشتقة - (σ,τ )– (J,R) مثل M.Asharf.
ان الهدف الرئيسي لهذا البحث هو دراسة تأثير المشتقة – (σ,τ )– (J,R) والمشتقة من اليسار – (σ,τ )– (J,R) على مثاليات جوردان.Let R be an associative ring with center Z(R). A well known results proved by Bell and kappe concering derivations in prime rings have been extensively studied by many authors, several of these outhers extended these result for a - derivation like Yenigual and Argac and some of them extended these results for a (σ,τ )– (J,R) – derivations like M. Asharf.
The main purpose of this paper is to study the action of a (σ,τ )– (J,R) – derivation and a left (σ,τ )– (J,R) – derivation and (σ,τ )– (J,R) – derivation on Jordan ideals
Jordan’s Accession to the WTO: Retrospective and Prospective
No full textJordan acceded to the WTO in 1999. In its accession Jordan agreed, for example, to reduce tariffs on imported products and open its services market; it also modified its intellectual property regime. Jordan enjoyed special and differential treatment in few areas and was not able to designate olive oil as a good eligible for special safeguards. The WTO agreements required fundamental changes in the domestic laws and regulations of Jordan. The article concludes by arguing that Jordan's accession to the WTO was a lengthy and costly process. Jordan agreed to an arduous package of legal and economic reforms. Given that Jordan agreed to greater commitments compared to the obligations of the original WTO members, the multilateral trading system witnessed an accession saga.accession, free trade, intellectual property, Jordan, market access, WTO, Financial Economics, International Relations/Trade, Political Economy,
The use of strategic planning tools and techniques by hotels in Jordan
No full textPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the use of strategic planning tools and techniques by hotels in Jordan and the nature of its relationship with managers' views of the strategic planning process.
Design/methodology/approach – A review of the literature relating to both strategic planning and strategic planning tools and techniques in both developed and emerging markets is provided. The empirical research was conducted via a questionnaire survey of Jordanian hotels in two cities; namely, Petra and Aqaba.
Findings – The main findings of this research are that the Jordanian hotels engage in the strategic planning process by using a number of techniques. The use of strategic planning tools and techniques relates more to the size of hotel and less to age and ownership type. There is a positive relationship between the use of strategic planning techniques and size of hotel. The managers of these hotels have generally positive attitudes towards the strategic planning process. The managers who believe in the benefits of strategic planning engage more in the practice of it.
Research limitations/implications – The nature of this research is descriptive and the method used is a cross-sectional survey. Therefore, future research could be conducted on a small number of these hotels by using a more in-depth approach. Second, the sample was restricted to hotels in two cities in Jordan. Further research should include other regions in Jordan and should analyse the ownership types of hotels (such as independent versus chain) and its star rating.
Originality/value – This paper provides empirical evidence about the use of the strategic planning tools and techniques by hotels in an emerging market context
Lunch: College of Arts and Sciences 50th Anniversary: Celebrating Liberal Arts and Sciences
No full textLunch and Opening Remarks: A Historical Perspective on Liberal Arts at NEIU by Dean Katrina Bell-Jordan, Dean of College of Arts and Sciences and Sandra Beyda, Dean of Graduate College of Education. Presentation: LIBERAL ARTS EDUCATION: ITS CONTINUING IMPORTANCE, by Cris Tofollo, Justice Studies and International Progra
Teacher stress among Tawjihi teachers in Jordan and their adopted coping strategies to reduce stress
No full textThere has been increasing interest in occupational stress during the last two decades. While studies have been carried out in developed countries, few have been conducted in developing countries, particularly in the field of education. Since 1970s, the topic of teacher stress has generated more interest among researchers who initially studied stress in teachers in different school settings all around the world.
This research study was necessitated by a general lack of knowledge about teacher stress in general, and stress in Tawjihi teachers, particularly in Jordan. The study was conducted with Tawjihi teachers (12th grade), in the city of Karak, Jordan to explore levels of stress and the main sources of stress. It also explored coping strategies adopted by them and actions that should be taken by schools and the MOE to reduce teacher stress. This research consisted of two phases. Phase one was a survey using a self-administered questionnaire involving a sample of 513 Tawjihi teachers (229 male teachers and 284 female teachers), where 314 Tawjihi teachers replied to the questionnaire with a response rate of 73.68%. Phase two was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews based on an open-ended interview schedule. Twelve Twajihi teachers, as well as sixteen other education staff, have been interviewed, which resulted in a 60.87% response rate.
Overall, results indicated approximately 95% of Tawjihi teachers revealed their work as a Tawjihi teacher was extremely to mildly stressful. Only 4.8% of Tawjihi teachers reported being a Tawjihi teacher was not stressful. The findings also showed some sources of stress Tawjihi teachers revealed were limited to them, and yet others were common among teachers in other countries. Results also showed some of the adopted coping strategies were limited to Tawjihi teachers, while others were shared with teachers in other countries. The finding regarding coping strategies also showed that Tawjihi teachers tend to use indirect actions more often than direct actions.
No significant differences in the level of stress in Tawjihi teachers due to gender, age, teaching experience, qualification and marital status were found. Moreover, significant positive correlations were found between the level of stress and each main source of stress. Tawjihi teachers also revealed the actions they desire schools and the MOE to take to help them reduce stress.
The increased understanding of the levels of stress, its sources, adopted coping strategies and the actions that should be taken by schools and the MOE to reduce stress will hopefully make a
significant contribution to the knowledge of teacher stress, not only in Jordan particularly, but in other countries generally
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