1,721,062 research outputs found
Econometric model derived from meta-analysis to estimate VSL and VOLY associated to air pollution at a global level
Full text linkAssessment of health impacts and costs attributable to air pollution in urban areas using two different approaches. A case study in the Western Balkans
Full text linkIn this study, two different air quality impact assessment methodologies were adopted and combined with a sensitivity analysis to estimate the unit costs. Air pollution health impact (mortality) assessment was carried out using one methodology based on log-linear concentration response functions (CRF) and another relying on the integrated exposure response curve (IER) from the Global Burden of Disease. Morbidity impacts were estimated with the CRF approach only. To assess the inequalities between low and high income countries, an area of low-medium income countries with a critical air pollution situation, was selected. The health impact and related external costs attributable to air pollution in 2019 were assessed in 30 urban areas of the Western Balkans region, one of Europe’s air pollution hot spots. The evaluation was based on PM2.5, O3 and NO2 concentrations in background sites from official monitoring networks. In 2019, the cost of mortality attributable to PM2.5 in 26 urban areas was 7.8 and 9.0 billion Euro according to IER and CRF methodologies, respectively. The cost of O3 associated with all-cause mortality estimated with the CRF methodology in 17 urban areas was 1.0 billion Euro while the one attributable to NO2 pollution in 28 urban areas was 1.5 billion Euro. The study results suggest that the economic burden of air pollution in the Western Balkans is higher in terms of GDP than the one observed in EU27 in the same time window. The study concludes that CRF and IER methodologies are coherent, because the discrepancy in the results are explained by the differences in the assessed health outcomes. The two approaches are complementary because the combination of them makes it possible to obtain a wider range of outcomes. In addition, despite the different causes of death considered, the comparison between them is useful for cross-validation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The late glacial-Holocene transition as inferred from ostracod and pollen records in the Lago Piccolo di Avigliana (Northern Italy)
No full textOstracod and pollen records of Lago Piccolo di Avigliana were used for the reconstruction of aquatic and terrestrial palaeoenvironments between 17 and 10 kyr cal BP.
A combination of multivariate ordination techniques (PCA and RDA) made it possible to describe ostracod and pollen biostratigraphies and to evaluate whether changes in the aquatic ecosystem were associated with those in the terrestrial environments. Samples and taxa in the ordination plots were grouped into three clusters: a first cluster representing herbaceous and shrub pollen taxa (Juniperus, Chenopodiaceae, Gramineae, Artemisia, and Rubiaceae) associated with ostracods typical of oligotrophic and well oxygenated aquatic environments (Cytherissa lacustris), a second cluster containing pollen taxa representing boreal forests (Betula, Pinus sylvestris, and Pinus cembra) associated with ostracod taxa from shallow oligo-mesotrophic aquatic environments (Candona candida, Darwinula stevensoni), and a third cluster including pollen of thermophilous trees and shrubs (Corylus, Quercus ilex, Fraxinus, Quercus robur-type, and Ulmus) connected to ostracods representing warm mesotrophic aquatic conditions with aquatic vegetation (Cypria ophtalmica, Metacypris cordata). Hypothesis testing with constrained Monte Carlo permutations rejected the null hypothesis that no relationship exists between ostracod and pollen datasets at 2% level of significance. As a whole, changes in temperature and precipitation–evaporation balance that influenced terrestrial vegetation were represented by changes in trophic level and water level in the aquatic environment
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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