1,720,964 research outputs found
On upsizing length and noise marginsCAS 2013 (International Semiconductor Conference)
No full textThis paper revisits a transistor sizing method for CMOS gates, which relies on upsizing the length (L) and balancing the voltage transfer characteristics for maximizing the static noise margins (SNM's). It leads to highly reliable gates, able to operate over the whole voltage range. The improvements are: (i) calculating the threshold voltage (V-th) exactly (leading to exact L's); (ii) more accurate SNM estimations (using the maximum square method); (iii) sizing the widths for single input transitions. Simulations for INV, NAND-2, and NOR-2 show that V-th and L change by similar to 2%, while SNM's increase by similar to 30%, with power and energy being reduced similar to 10x and similar to 20x respectively
Enabling sizing for enhancing the static noise marginsInternational Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)
No full textThis paper suggests a transistor sizing method for classical CMOS gates implemented in advanced technology nodes and operating at low voltages. The method relies on upsizing the length (L) of all transistors uniformly, and balancing the voltage transfer curves (VTCs) for maximizing the static noise margins (SNMs). We use the most well-known CMOS gates (INV, NAND-2, NOR-2) for introducing the novel sizing method, as well as for validating the concept and evaluating its performances. The results show that sizing has not entirely exhausted its potential, allowing to go beyond the well established delay-power tradeoff, as sizing can increase SNMs by: (i) adjusting the threshold voltages (VTH) and their variations (σVTH); and (ii) balancing the VTCs. Simulation results show that this sizing method enables more reliable (i.e., noise-robust and variation-tolerant) CMOS gates, which could operate correctly at very low supply voltages, hence leading to ultra-low voltage/power circuits. © 2013 IEEE
Optimizing the performance of direct digital frequency synthesizers for low-power wireless communication systems
Full text linkThesis (M.S.), Computer Science, Washington State Universit
Designing reliable digital molecular electronic circuits.
No full textReliability is expected to be a critical challenge in designing future molecular electronic circuits. Using a compact model that captures the essential physics of the device, the effect on digital gate functionality of variations in the device parameters, as well as the improvements afforded by a TMR majority gate structure are quantified. It is shown that the improvement is substantial, showing the potential viability of such technologies in future massively integrated systems
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Implementing size-optimal discrete neural networks require analog circuitry
Full text linkThis paper starts by overviewing results dealing with the approximation capabilities of neural networks, as well as bounds on the size of threshold gate circuits. Based on a constructive solution for Kolmogorov`s superpositions the authors show that implementing Boolean functions can be done using neurons having an identity transfer function. Because in this case the size of the network is minimized, it follows that size-optimal solutions for implementing Boolean functions can be obtained using analog circuitry. Conclusions and several comments on the required precision are ending the paper
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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