724 research outputs found
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Tłumaczenie bez oryginału, czyli o stylu prozy Maurice’a S. Andrewsa, Joe Alexa i Noëla Randona
No full textTzw. “kryminał pseudo-zachodnioeuropejski” był wyjątkowym zjawiskiem literackim PRL. Pisana przez polskiego autora powieść miała udawać tłumaczenie – najczęściej z angielskiego. By osiągnąć złudzenie tłumaczenia, autor posługiwał się obco brzmiącym pseudonimem, zaś akcja toczyła się w Wielkiej Brytanii bądź Francji. W tym miejscu rodzi się pytanie czy autorom udało się imitować język tłumaczony (ang. translationese). W artykule poddano badaniu teksty powieści Macieja Słomczyńskiego alias Joe Alexa, Andrzeja Szczypiorskiego alias Maurice’a S. Andrewsa oraz Tadeusza Kwiatkowskiego alias Noëla Randona. Wyniki badań dowodzą, że Alex i Andrews potrafili imitować język tłumaczony, co nie udaje się Randonowi. Co więcej teksty Szczypiorskiego pisane pod własnym nazwiskiem i pod pseudonimem stylometrycznie zdają się być tekstami dwu różnych autorów.The so-called ‘pseudo-Western-European crime novel’ was a phenomenon unique to the literature of the Polish People’s Republic. Written in Polish, these novels posed as translations – mostly from English. The stories were set in the UK or in France; writers used foreign-sounding pseudonyms. Górski discusses in how far the authors also managed to imitate translated language. Examining novels by Maciej Słomczyński alias Joe Alex, Andrzej Szczypiorski alias Maurice S. Andrews and Tadeusz Kwiatkowski alias Noël Randon, he demonstrates that the first two succeeded much better than the third. A stylometric analysis of Szczypiorski’s output shows in fact that the texts he published under his real name differ so much from the novels that appeared under his pseudonym that they could be taken for the works of a different author
Measuring accessibility of popular websites while using Tor
No full textTor is an anonymity network used by a vast number of users in order to protect their privacy on the internet. It should not come as a surprise that this service is also used for abuse such as Denial of service attacks and other malicious activities because of the anonymity it provides. For protecting themselves from this abuse, websites block Tor in various ways. We investigate the extent and frequency of this kind of blocking by requesting the Alexa top 1000 websites with and without Tor with the objective of highlighting the differential treatment observed by privacy-minded users. We build upon existing studies by using diverse metrics to measure discrimination and by extending our search to three sub pages of websites for detecting sophisticated blocking. We find at least 25.8% of the Alexa top 1000 websites discriminating on the home page against Tor users as opposed to 20.03% observed in previous studies. This number rises to 31.7% after including the three sub pages. We also discover new types of blocks such as Tor users being served old or different versions of websites. We categorize the blocked websites and find that Online Shopping and Finance/ Banking categories discriminate most against Tor while Social Networking sites and Search Engines discriminate the least.CSE3000 Research ProjectComputer Science and Engineerin
Exploring the impact of agricultural policies on the documentation and sharing of indigenous knowledge in sub-Saharan Africa
No full textThe study sought to explore the extent to which agricultural policies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries incorporate Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and its impact on the efforts to document and share agricultural IK through communication efforts. A qualitative content analysis of policy documents from seven SSA countries and eight key informant interviews with knowledge management officers from the seven countries was conducted. Purposive sampling was used to select the countries, determine documents examined, and for the selection of key informants for the interviews. The results revealed that IK was not included in several SSA countries’ governmental agricultural policies. Activities aimed at capturing, documentation and sharing IK in SSA countries were not found despite the presence of evidence of its importance to agricultural research and development. These results provide insights on the need for researchers, communicators, educators, and decision makers to consider incorporating IK into policy associated with agricultural information dissemination to improve technology generation and adoption.This article is published as Fallys Masambuka-Kanchewa, Alexa Lamm and Shuyang Qu . "Exploring the impact of agricultural policies on the documentation and sharing of indigenous knowledge in sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development 14, no. 4 (2022): 173-182. doi:10.5897/JAERD2022.1331.Copyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
Author response: Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis score and cognitive function in middle‐aged adults: The Framingham study
No full textExtracellular delivery induced by ultrasound and microbubbles in cells
No full textUltrasound and microbubble treatment (USMB) can enhance the intracellular uptake of molecules, which otherwise would be excluded from the cell, through USMB-mediated transient membrane disruption and through enhanced endocytosis. However, the effect of USMB on the outward movement of molecules from cells is not well understood. This study investigates the effects of USMB on the release of molecules from various cellular compartments including cytoplasm, lysosomes, and recycling endosomes. In vitro ARPE-19 (RPE henceforth) cells were loaded with Alexa fluor- labeled transferrin as a marker for recycling endosomes, LAMP-1 antibody was used to detect the fusion of lysosomes with the plasma membrane, GFP-transfected RPE cells were used to examine the release of GFP from the cytoplasm, and 7-AAD was used to assess cell viability. Subsequently, cells were exposed to USMB (106 cells/mL, 300 kPa peak negative pressure, 1 min treatment duration, and 20 μL/mL Definity microbubbles). Following USMB, the release of the fluorescent markers was examined at 1.5, 11.5, and 21.5 minutes from the start of USMB. The mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of untreated and USMB treated samples were measured using flow cytometry. USMB increased the extracellular delivery of GFP molecules from the cytoplasm; the MFI in USMB treated GFP-transfected RPE cells decreased by 17% in viable cells and this MFI decreased by 70% in non-viable cells. This could be due to diffusion of GFP through the membrane disruptions induced by USMB. Additionally, the MFI of viable cells stained with LAMP-1 antibody increased by 50% and this increase was 15 folds in the non-viable cells indicating lysosome exocytosis as a mechanism for membrane repair. Furthermore, the MFI of cells loaded with fluorescent transferrin decreased by 22% after USMB treatment in viable cells, indicating a significant increase in transferrin recycling to the cell membrane. However, the increased recycling was not statistically significant in the non-viable cells. This indicates that the increase in transferrin recycling was through an active mechanism that was triggered or enhanced by USMB. It was concluded from this study that USMB enhances the release of molecules from the cytoplasm, lysosomes, and recycling endosomes
TRANCO: A Research-Oriented Top Sites Ranking Hardened Against Manipulation
No full textIn order to evaluate the prevalence of security and privacy practices on a representative sample of the Web, researchers rely on website popularity rankings such as the Alexa list. While the validity and representativeness of these rankings are rarely questioned, our findings show the contrary: we show for four main rankings how their inherent properties (similarity, stability, representativeness, responsiveness and benignness) affect their composition and therefore potentially skew the conclusions made in studies. Moreover, we find that it is trivial for an adversary to manipulate the composition of these lists. We are the first to empirically validate that the ranks of domains in each of the lists are easily altered, in the case of Alexa through as little as a single HTTP request. This allows adversaries to manipulate rankings on a large scale and insert malicious domains into whitelists or bend the outcome of research studies to their will. To overcome the limitations of such rankings, we propose improvements to reduce the fluctuations in list composition and guarantee better defenses against manipulation. To allow the research community to work with reliable and reproducible rankings, we provide TRANCO, an improved ranking that we offer through an online service available at https://tranco-list.eu.Organisation & Governanc
Measuring the blocking of AN.ON users by popular websites through web scraping
No full textUsers of anonymity networks face differential treatment and sometimes get blocked by websites, it is currently unclear how common this blocking is. This research aims to provide an overview of how common this blocking is while utilizing the AN.ON anonymity network. The analysis is accomplished by utilizing automated web scraping and processing to recognise and classify blocks by comparing them to a control connection. This process and software can be used and extended to analyze and compare any two connections. The scope is limited to the one thousand most popular websites according to the Alexa rating. Different kinds of blocks were identified and automatically recognised in processing, though manual verification is still required. Evidence is found and presented that there is a significant amount of blocking, occurring on approximately 23% of the analyzed domains. There is also a significant difference in blocking between using different cascades.CSE3000 Research ProjectComputer Science and Engineerin
Design of iron- and ruthenium-containing polymers.
No full textA no. of sol. organometallic polymers with pendent cyclopentadienyliron and pentamethylcyclopentadienylruthenium moieties were prepd. under mild exptl. conditions. These polyarom. materials contained ether, thioether and amine bridges. The following figure represents one of the organometallic polymers with ether and amine bridges. These polymeric materials were characterized using NMR, GPC and thermogravimetric anal. Photolytic demetallation of the organometallic polymers allowed for the isolation of the purely org. polymers in good yield. Detailed exptl. conditions and properties of these materials will be presented
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