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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Understanding social-ecological systems under climate change – Exploring the ecosystem service concept towards an integrated vulnerability assessment
Get PDFDie Anpassung an den Klimawandel stellt eine große Herausforderung für die Stadt- und Regionalplanung dar. In diesem Kontext wird einerseits von Praktikern verstärkt der Bedarf an Untersuchungen zu Vulnerabilität geäußert. Anderseits wird in der Literatur darauf hingewiesen, dass ein ökosystembasiertes Management zur Entwicklung von langfristigen Anpassungsoptionen beitragen kann, wobei Ökosystemleistungen als Grundlage für die Verständigung zwischen Praktikern dienen könnten. Dies unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit, die Konzepte von Vulnerabilität und Ökosystemleistungen miteinander zu kombinieren, denn bisher wurden diese Konzepte unabhängig voneinander entwickelt. Vor diesem Hintergrund präsentiert die vorliegende Arbeit ein Rahmenkonzept, das beide Konzepte integriert, um somit zu einem besseren Verständnis von sozial-ökologischen Systemen im Klimawandel beizutragen.
Im Forschungsprozess wurden inter- und transdisziplinäre Ansätze angewendet, um den komplexen Eigenschaften von sozial-ökologischen Systemen und der Problemstellung des Klimawandels auf den Grund zu gehen. Dabei wurden zunächst Studien mit Bezug zu Vulnerabilität, Ökosystemleistungen und Resilienz aus unterschiedlichen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen klar konzeptionelle Überschneidungen und methodische Einschränkungen insbesondere hinsichtlich der Berücksichtigung des sozialen und des ökologischen Systems auf. Desweiteren wurden Elemente, die in einem integrierten Ansatz berücksichtigt werden sollen, identifiziert. Das Hauptziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war dabei eine Methode zu entwickeln, die eine umfassende räumliche Charakterisierung von sozial-ökologischen Systemen ermöglicht, um daraus eine integrierte Vulnerabilitätsanalyse abzuleiten. Als Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung des Rahmenkonzeptes wurde der Driver-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) Ansatz genutzt, da dieser es ermöglicht, die Vulnerabilitätselemente und assoziierten Analysen zu strukturieren. Die hier vorgestellte sozial-ökologische Vulnerabilitäts-Schleife (social-ecological vulnerability loop) verbindet erstmals Vulnerabilität mit dem Angebot von und der Nachfrage nach Ökosystemleistungen (ecosystem service supply and demand). Dadurch konnte erreicht werden, dass sowohl das soziale als auch das ökologische System und insbesondere deren Interaktionen in die Vulnerabilitätsanalyse mit einbezogen wurden.
Für die Umsetzung des Rahmenkonzeptes wurden innovative Methoden entwickelt, um in der Stadtregion Rostock (Deutschland) die Anpassungskapazität (adaptive capacity) hinsichtlich des Klimawandels und die Verknüpfungen zwischen dem Angebot von und der Nachfrage nach Ökosystemleistungen konkret darzustellen. Hierzu wurde eine partizipative Erhebung durchgeführt hinsichtlich der kulturellen Ökosystemleistungen Ästhetik / Inspiration, spirituell / religiös, Erholung, Wissen / Bildung, kulturelles Erbe / Identität und Naturerbe / intrinsischer Wert von Biodiversität sowie der wahrgenommen Vulnerabilität der Teilnehmer in Bezug auf Starkregen, Hitzewelle und Dürre. Neben der Kartierung haben die Teilnehmer die Bedeutung der einzelnen kulturellen Ökosystemleistungen für ihr Wohlbefinden sowie ihre Zufriedenheit mit der Bereitstellung bewertet. Die Anpassungskapazität wurde mittels einer Kombination aus inter- und transdiziplinären Methoden untersucht, wobei Wissensaspekte (Austausch, Generierung) in der Kooperation zwischen Wissenschaftlern sowie zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis betrachtet wurden. Um die Verbindung von Ökosystemleistungsangebot und nachfrage zu bestimmen, wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen sozialen Faktoren und der Bedeutung von kulturellen Ökosystemleistungen für das Wohlbefinden sowie die räumliche Verknüpfung zwischen kulturellen Ökosystemleistungen und der Bevölkerung untersucht. Bemerkenswerterweise wurde kein signifikanter Einfluss der sozialen Faktoren auf die Bedeutung der Ökosystemleistungen für das Wohlbefinden sowie auch hinsichtlich der räumlichen Verteilung gefunden. Außerdem konnte gezeigt werden, dass in der Stadtregion Rostock Erholung einerseits und Naturerbe / intrinsischer Wert von Biodiversität andererseits von gleich hoher Bedeutung für das Wohlbefinden sind. Auf Basis der ermittelten kritischen Distanzen zwischen Angebot und Nachfrage für die einzelnen kulturellen Ökosystemleistungen im Bereich von 2-7 km wurde erstmals eine integrierte Angebots-Nachfrage-Karte für die Stadtregion erstellt. Dies ermöglichte eine räumlich explizite Darstellung der Unterschiede zwischen Stadt, Umland und Küstenbereich und der potentiellen Klimawandel-Vulnerabilität. Dabei wurden als Hauptmerkmale bei der Analyse von Stadtregionen die Gesamtfläche, die Anzahl und die Diversität der kulturellen Ökosystemleistungen identifiziert. Das verbesserte Verständnis des Zusammenhangs zwischen Angebot und Nachfrage ermöglichte es, die Elemente des sozial-ökologischen Systems und deren Interaktionen zu charakterisieren. Auf dieser Grundlage können die Auswirkungen von Anpassungsmaßnahmen an den Klimawandel auf das gesamte sozial-ökologische System dargestellt werden. Der vorgestellte umfassende sozial-ökologische Ansatz kann die Planung dabei unterstützen, Ziele zu formulieren, geeignete Flächen zu identifizieren und mögliche Konsequenzen von Maßnahmen zu reflektieren. Damit konnte erstmals aufgezeigt werden, dass Klimawandelanpassung in Verbindung mit kulturellen Ökosystemleistungen Win-Win-Situationen ermöglicht, die die Umsetzung von langfristigen Strategien erheblich fördern.Urban and regional planning is confronted with the challenge to develop measures for climate change adaptation. In this context, on the one hand vulnerability assessments are increasingly requested by decision makers in order to prioritize actions. On the other hand, it is argued in literature that ecosystem based adaptation could assist in finding long-term adaptation strategies, whereby ecosystem services could serve as a common language. This signalizes the need to combine the vulnerability and the ecosystem service concept, which so far have been developed in parallel. Against this background, the thesis presents a framework that integrates the concepts in order to enhance the understanding of social-ecological systems under climate change.
Inter- and transdisciplinary research approaches were undertaken to unravel the complex characteristics of social-ecological systems and issues related to climate change. First, studies from various disciplines related to vulnerability, ecosystem services, and resilience were investigated. The results clearly demonstrate conceptual overlaps and methodological limitations particularly regarding the balanced focus on the social and the ecological system. Moreover, elements that ought to be included in an integrated approach were revealed. Thereby, the underlying objective was to develop a method that allows a comprehensive spatial characterization of the urban region as a basis for an integrated vulnerability assessment. For the development of a framework, the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response approach served as a pragmatic tool to structure the vulnerability elements and associated analytical steps. The social-ecological vulnerability loop proposed here, combines vulnerability and ecosystem service supply and demand, whereby a consideration of the social and the ecological system as well as their interactions was achieved.
To apply the proposed framework, methods directed towards the understanding of adaptive capacity and the linkages between ecosystem service supply and demand were developed and applied in the urban region of Rostock (Germany). A comprehensive dataset was obtained through the participatory mapping of the cultural ecosystem services aesthetics / inspiration, spiritual / religious, recreation, knowledge / education, cultural heritage / identity, and natural heritage / intrinsic value of biodiversity, as well as the participants’ perceived vulnerability to extreme precipitation, heat wave, and drought. Besides the mapping, the participants evaluated the importance of the individual cultural ecosystem services for their wellbeing as well as their satisfaction with supply in the urban region. Adaptive capacity was approached by a combination of inter- and transdisciplinary methods exploring knowledge aspects (exchange, generation) in science-science and science-practice cooperations. To investigate supply-demand relationships, the categorical link between social factors and the importance of the cultural ecosystem services for wellbeing, as well as the spatial link between population and cultural ecosystem service were analyzed. Remarkably, no differences according to social factors were found considering the relation to the importance for wellbeing as well as the spatial link. Furthermore, the differences between the services highlighted the high importance of both, recreation and natural heritage / intrinsic value of biodiversity. Through the established critical distances between supply and demand ranging from 2-7 km for the individual cultural ecosystem services, the innovative integrated supply-demand map was generated. This allowed for the first time a clear spatially explicit visualization of the differences between the city, the hinterland, and coastal areas as well as the potential vulnerability to climate change in the urban region. In this regard, the total area, the number, and the diversity of cultural ecosystem services were identified as key parameters. Through the enhanced understanding of the supply-demand relationships, it was possible to characterize the elements of the social-ecological system as well as their interactions. Therewith, responses in terms of adaptation measures can be linked to consequences for the whole system. The proposed comprehensive social-ecological approach can assist planning in the formulation of targets, the identification of suitable areas, and the reflection of potential shortcomings. Finally, it was highlighted that a development of adaptation measures in combination with cultural ecosystem services can create win-win opportunities and therewith facilitate the implementation of long-term strategies
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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