1,720,964 research outputs found
The forgotten legacy: oil heritage sites in Iran
Full text linkDuring the rapid process of deindustrialization in Iran, the term ‘industrial heritage’ has recently emerged as a new subject into public realm. In order to integrate the methodologies for the protection and adaptive reuse strategies, the ‘industrial heritage’ itself needs to be divided into various categories. UNESCO has begun inscribing increasing numbers of local industrial legacies such as railway, mines, factories, assembly plants, agricultural production and manufacturing production in its World Heritage List. However, in the process of their adaptive reuse the question of heritage meanings arises. Over the past century in Iran, powerful corporate and governmental actors have created a broad range of oil imaginaries that changed over time and in line with local cultures. Starting from 1920s and after the nationalization of oil industry in Iran, oil cities such as Abadan and Masjid Suleiman saw massive expansion to house labors and oil-industry specialists who had arrived from the United States, Europe, India, and the Persian Gulf states. This research aims to clarify how the oil industry, in close collaboration with national governments, has materially shaped the oil cities through oil-specific architecture like company headquarters, gas stations, retail and infrastructure buildings. The current legacy of oil industry continues to reshape the industry, society and politics as well. This research uses a critical and analytical problem-based approach to examine the current policies that build a new image and identity through adaptive reuse strategies to promote sustainable local development in Iran’s industrial heritage
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Regenerating the historical axes of Isfahan, using urban design dimensions to make places for people (The Case Study of Joibareh Neighbourhood)
No full textAbstractUrban design in the old city of Isfahan is also looking to realize the principles governing the foundation of the city, so that the particular mode of its formation as an example for the referral patterns of urban design. The main objective of this study is considered making cherished public places, to achieve this important, after introduction of one of the historical axis of old Isfahan, began to understand the organization of environmental quality and it is analyzed. Finally strategies presented in order to maintaining, creation and strengthen the principles governing the formation of urban spaces in other axes
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Energieeffiziente Form- und Funktionsstrategien für die Gestaltung öffentlicher Räume im Stadtzentrum; Fallstudie: Stadtzentrum von Teheran
No full textUrbanization as one of the dominant trends and ecological change in the 20th century has imposed a great physical expansion to cities. It is estimated that by 2050 about two-thirds of the world population are likely to be urban residents. Consequently, sensitivity to environmental issues such as energy conservation, sustainability and climate change has become a vital issue when addressing urbanization. Rapid increase in urban population and unbalance allocation of resources in cities such as Tehran is often equal to increased use of space and higher energy consumption. The massive use of fossil fuels as the main source of energy, rapid physical growth and continuous increase in population is argued to be contributing to climate change and many of negative environmental impacts in many metropolitan areas such as Tehran. Such trends call for actions to mitigate the negative impacts and create more energy efficient and sustainable spaces. In this context, city centres - as one of the fundamental elements of cities’ morphology and as the space of utmost human interactions associated with shopping or retail, social activities, commercial transactions and leisure/cultural activities - require a specific attention.
City Centre Public Spaces (CCPSs) are the nodes with major public transport hubs, public and partly residential buildings, museums, streets, malls and other components. They are diverse in terms of form and functional arrangements and each component plays a potential role in the overall energy performance of the city centre. The focus in this research is on CCPSs and investigating their form and functional design components which contributes in minimizing the level of energy consumption. Factors such as mobility, accessibility and land use patterns as functional components and building and blocks configuration incl. the height of the neighbouring building, density, depth, type and orientation are analysed and surveyed as formal. The main aim of the research is to develop a comprehensive set of form and functional design strategies to create more sustainable and energy efficient city centre in Tehran. To do so, findings from literature review and good practices will be consolidated to create an energy efficiency design checklist (chapter two). The checklist will be utilized in chapter three for analysing the form and functional design components in the city centre of Tehran. Findings from the case study will be further elaborated in chapter four to develop a set of global design strategies that can be adapted by decision makers, authorities, and urban design experts for energy efficient public spaces design in the city centres.Die Verstädterung als einer der vorherrschenden Trends und ökologischen Veränderungen des 20. Jahrhunderts hat zu einer starken räumlichen Ausdehnung der Städte geführt. Schätzungen zufolge werden bis 2050 etwa zwei Drittel der Weltbevölkerung in Städten leben. Demzufolge ist die Sensibilität für Umweltthemen wie Energieeinsparung, Nachhaltigkeit und Klimawandel zu einem entscheidenden Thema bei der Bewältigung der Urbanisierung geworden. Der rasche Anstieg der Stadtbevölkerung und die unausgewogene Verteilung der Ressourcen in Städten wie Teheran sind oft gleichbedeutend mit einem erhöhten Flächenverbrauch und einem höheren Energieverbrauch. Die massive Nutzung fossiler Brennstoffe als Hauptenergiequelle, das rasche physische Wachstum der Städte und der kontinuierliche Anstieg der Bevölkerung tragen zum Klimawandel und zu einer Vielzahl negativer Umweltauswirkungen in zahlreichen Ballungsräumen wie Teheran bei. Diese Trends erfordern Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der negativen Auswirkungen und zur Schaffung energieeffizienterer und nachhaltigerer Lebensräume. In diesem Zusammenhang erfordern die Stadtzentren - als eines der grundlegenden Bestandteile der Stadtstruktur und als der Raum, in dem die meisten persönlichen Interaktionen im Zusammenhang mit Einkaufen oder Einzelhandel, sozialen Aktivitäten, geschäftlichen Erledigungen und Freizeit-/Kulturaktivitäten stattfinden - besondere Aufmerksamkeit.
Öffentliche Räume in Stadtzentren (CCPS) sind jene mit wichtigen öffentlichen Verkehrsknotenpunkten, öffentlichen Einrichtungen und teilweise Wohngebäuden, Museen, Straßen, Einkaufszentren und anderen Funktionen. Sie sind in Bezug auf Form und funktionale Ausgestaltung sehr unterschiedlich, und jede Komponente spielt eine potenzielle Rolle für die Gesamtenergieeffizienz des Stadtzentrums. Der Fokus dieser Forschungsarbeit liegt auf öffentlichen Räumen in Stadtzentren (CCPS) und ihren speziellen und funktionalen Designkomponenten, die zur Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs beitragen. Faktoren wie Mobilität, Erreichbarkeit und Flächennutzungsmuster als funktionale Komponenten sowie die Gebäude- und Blockkonfiguration einschließlich der Höhe der Nachbargebäude, Dichte, Tiefe, Art und Ausrichtung werden analysiert und als formale Faktoren untersucht. Das Hauptziel der Untersuchung ist die Entwicklung einer umfassenden Reihe von formalen und funktionalen Gestaltungsstrategien zur Schaffung eines nachhaltigeren und energieeffizienten Stadtzentrums in Teheran.
Zu diesem Zweck werden die Erkenntnisse aus der Literaturrecherche und den bewährten Verfahren zusammengeführt, um eine Checkliste für die energieeffiziente Gestaltung zu erstellen (Kapitel 2). Die Checkliste wird in Kapitel drei für die Analyse der formalen und funktionalen Designkomponenten im Stadtzentrum von Teheran verwendet. Die Ergebnisse der Fallstudie werden in Kapitel vier weiter ausgearbeitet, um eine Reihe von standardisierten Designstrategien zu entwickeln, die von Entscheidungsträgern, Behörden und Stadtplanern für eine energieeffiziente Gestaltung öffentlicher Räume in Stadtzentren adaptiert werden können
The forgotten legacy: oil heritage sites in Iran
No full textDuring the rapid process of deindustrialization in Iran, the term ‘industrial heritage’ has recently emerged as a new subject into public realm. In order to integrate the methodologies for the protection and adaptive reuse strategies, the ‘industrial heritage’ itself needs to be divided into various categories. UNESCO has begun inscribing increasing numbers of local industrial legacies such as railway, mines, factories, assembly plants, agricultural production and manufacturing production in its World Heritage List. However, in the process of their adaptive reuse the question of heritage meanings arises. Over the past century in Iran, powerful corporate and governmental actors have created a broad range of oil imaginaries that changed over time and in line with local cultures. Starting from 1920s and after the nationalization of oil industry in Iran, oil cities such as Abadan and Masjid Suleiman saw massive expansion to house labors and oil-industry specialists who had arrived from the United States, Europe, India, and the Persian Gulf states. This research aims to clarify how the oil industry, in close collaboration with national governments, has materially shaped the oil cities through oil-specific architecture like company headquarters, gas stations, retail and infrastructure buildings. The current legacy of oil industry continues to reshape the industry, society and politics as well. This research uses a critical and analytical problem-based approach to examine the current policies that build a new image and identity through adaptive reuse strategies to promote sustainable local development in Iran’s industrial heritage
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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