116 research outputs found
Intimate partner violence against women : foundation for prevention and for an educational programme for new couples in an Iranian city
No full textUnderstanding how community members conceive the occurrence and prevention of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) can help set the stage for contextrelevant and sustainable preventive interventions, including educational programmes. The studies forming this thesis are part of such an assessment and concern community members in the city of Kermashah (Iran). They aim to gather the opinions of various stakeholders to better understand the social conceptions about causes and means of prevention of IPVAW.A survey was conducted among a convenience sample of married women (face-to-face interviewed; n=435) and men (self-administration; n=447) using a questionnaire mainly composed of closed questions. Questions were asked about the risk factors, consequences and means of prevention of IPVAW. Thereafter, other community members were individually interviewed, including key informants (n=23), gatekeepers (instructors of premarital education centres and their suervisors ; n= 8) and husbandsand wives-to-be (n=22). Focus was then placed on preventive issues and a qualitative approach was used.Married women were in agreement with most of the potential causes and triggers of IPVAW already documented in the scientific literature and raised in public health settings. Married men had split opinions that clustered into four main patterns. Men who expressed opinions very similar to those of women constituted the biggest group (about 33%) and three other groups either disagreed or had mixed opinions. As a potential trigger of IPVAW, behaviour by wives with the potential to humiliate a husband in front of other people was ranked highly among both men and women. This, combined with a tendency for other stakeholders to put the blame on the victim (see below), constitutes a source of concern and requires further intervention.There was considerable agreement among married men and women that life skills training and raising awareness could help to prevent IPVAW. Even among key informants, community education about relationship issues was often mentioned, although counter-measures at various levels were also put forward (individual, relational, community and societal). A tendency towards victim blaming was observed among some key informants.Almost all husbands-to-be, wives-to-be and gatekeepers believed that premarital education could help to prevent IPVAW but none of the education centre supervisors did. Suggestions for the course curriculum dealt with skills training rather than raising awareness.In conclusion, strong agreement on the effectiveness of educational programmes in general and premarital educational programmes in particular is a good sign of the potential acceptance of such programmes in the target community. Educational programmes in the field of IPVAW should focus on mutual responsibilities with more emphasis on the perpetrator developing non-violent problem-solving skills and an overall campaign against victim-blaming attitudes.List of scientific papersI. Hamzeh B, Farshi MG, Laflamme L (2008). "Opinions of married women about potential causes and triggers of intimate partner violence against women. A cross-sectional investigation in an Iranian city." BMC Public Health 8: 209 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18549484II. Hamzeh B, Garousi Farshi M, Laflamme L (2008). "Opinions about potential causes and triggers of intimate partner violence against women: a population-based study among married men from Kermanshah city, Iran." Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 15(4): 253-63 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19051088III. Hamzeh B, Garousi Farshi M, Vaez M, Laflamme L (2009). "A social assessment of representations concerning the prevention of intimate partner violence against women: opinions of married people and of key informants in an Iranian city." (Manuscript)IV. Hamzeh B, Garousi Farshi M, Laflamme L (2009). "The potential of premarital education as a means of prevention of intimate partner violence against women: opinions of husbands- and wives-to-be and gatekeepers in an Iranian city." (Manuscript)</p
Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD)
No full textIntroductionObesity is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Many studies have developed cutoff points of anthropometric indices for predicting these diseases. The aim of this systematic review was to differentiate the screening potential of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) for adult CVD risk.MethodsWe used relevant key words to search electronic databases to identify studies published up to 2019 that used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for assessing the cut-off points of anthropometric indices. We used a random-effects model to pool study results and assessed between-study heterogeneity by using the I2 statistic and Cochran\u2019s Q test.ResultsThis meta-analysis included 38 cross-sectional and 2 cohort studies with 105 to 137,256 participants aged 18 or older. The pooled area under the ROC curve (AUC) value for BMI was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.63\u20130.69) in both men and women. The pooled AUC values for WC were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.67\u20130.70) in men and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.64\u20130.74) in women, and the pooled AUC values for WHR were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.66\u20130.73) in men and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.68\u20130.73) in women.ConclusionOur findings indicated a slight difference between AUC values of these anthropometric indices. However, indices of abdominal obesity, especially WHR, can better predict CVD occurrence
The legal status of the employee author : study of the lebanese law in the light of french law
No full textLe droit de la propriété littéraire et artistique libanais découlant de la loi n°75/99 en date du 3 avril 1999 s’inspire à la fois du droit d’auteur et du droit du copyright. Il en résulte un dispositif hybride et parfois complexe. C’est le cas du statut de l’auteur salarié libanais dont l’ambiguïté est renforcée par des contradictions entre les dispositions législatives. Le législateur libanais consacre à l’article 8 de la loi libanaise relative à la protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique le principe de transfert automatique des droits patrimoniaux à l’employeur sur les créations individuelles du salarié, en respectant la logique travailliste du code de travail libanais. Cette consécration ne va pas sans ambiguïté car la loi n’est pas assez claire en ce qui concerne le champ d’application de ce principe. Ainsi que l’article 22 de la loi édicte le principe de l’inaliénabilité du droit moral en matière de créations salariées. Il est donc nécessaire de se référer au droit français et au droit anglo-saxon afin de mieux comprendre le dispositif libanais, et de déterminer la logique que le législateur libanais adopte en matière de créations salariées. Cette thèse vise à proposer un régime juridique cohérent pour l’auteur salarié libanais. Après avoir analysé les logiques à lesquelles les créations salariées sont soumises en droit libanais et les difficultés qui découlent de l’application de deux logiques antagonistes : du droit social et du droit d’auteur, nous proposerons un aménagement des règles applicables à l’auteur salarié.Lebanese Literary and Artistic Property Rights arising from Law n°75/99 of April 3, 1999 are inspired by both author right and copyright law. The result is a hybrid and sometimes complex dispositive. This is the case with the status of the lebanese salaried author, the ambiguity of which is reinforced by contradictions between the legislative provisions. The lebanese legislator devotes to article 8 of the Lebanese law relating to the protection of literary and artistic property the principle of automatic transfer of economic rights to the employer on the individual creations of the employee, respecting the labor logic of the code of lebanese work. This consecration is not without ambiguity because the Law is not clear enough as to the scope of application of this principle. As article 22 of the law enacts the principle of the inalienability of moral rights in matters of salaried creations. It is therefore necessary to refer to French Law and Anglo-Saxon Law in order to better understand the Lebanese system, and to determine the logic that the Lebanese legislator adopts in terms of salaried creations. This thesis aims to propose a coherent legal regime for the lebanese salaried author. After having analyzed the logics to which salaried creations are subject in lebanese law and the difficulties which arise from the application of two antagonistic logics : social law and copyright, we will propose a laying out of the rules applicable to the author employee
Reconceptualising CREM alignment to account for waste
No full textEvery business needs a place to operate. The management of corporate operational assets is called Corporate Real Estate Management (CREM). In the era of sustainability, smart use of real estate as the second-largest asset of corporations is needed. The purpose of the paper is to reconceptualise CREM alignment to feature the waste concept in smart use of CRE resources. This research is limited to the conceptual analysis of CREM alignment. The reasoning is based on integrative literature review. In general management theories, alignment is divided between vertical and horizontal alignments within and across organisations. In CREM literature, vertical alignment within an organisation is dominant while horizontal alignment within an organisation and across organisations has gained minimal attention. The conceptual analysis indicates that there is plenty of waste in CREM. Lean aligns especially horizontally and offers a way for smart alignment, i.e., a smart use of CRE resources including not only the use of materials and energy but also the use of human resources with their social capital.Real Estate Managemen
Evaluation of intervening role of health risk-related training and consultation on performance of High school students from Kermanshah suburban
No full textBackground and aims: The most important risk factors threatening health of young people include improper diet, inactivity, smoking, intentional and accidental damages, drugs, AIDS/HIV and psychiatric disorders. Considering increased risky behaviors among teens during 2 last decades, it was decided to evaluate the effects of education and consultation roles in relation to health risks on performance of teens from suburban areas within 4 months following interventions and to propose a model for health-based modification of teen's behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the intervening role of health risk-related personal education and consultation on performance of high school students from suburban areas in Kermanshah province. Methods: Research population consisted of 8534 high school students from suburban areas of Kermanshah province. School wise questionnaires were completed for all samples before and four months after holding personal education and consulting session. Results: Performances of students on intentional/accidental damages, nutrition, physical activities and AIDS/HIV was improved 4 months after education consultation intervention (P<0.05). No significant changes were observed with student's performance in the fields of smoking, addiction and psychiatric disorders in comparison with the time prior to the intervention. Conclusion: These examination findings revealed positive effects of personal education and consultation on modification of teen's risky behaviors. It appears that a long-term planning is required for modifying behaviors regarding smoking, drugs usage and psychiatric disorders. Self-care education is particularly important because experience has proven that role of classic education pales over time while knowledge leading to acquired skills will be more permanent
Opinions of married women about potential causes and triggers of intimate partner violence against women. A cross-sectional investigation in an Iranian city
No full textAbstract Background Population-based perception studies on potential causes and triggers of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) may enlighten context-relevant primary preventive actions in settings where data are limited. This study, conducted in one specific city, deals with married women's opinions concerning potential causes and triggers of IPVAW and seeks to highlight areas of consensus and divergence in the views. Methods A convenient sample of women aged 25–45 years and married for at least 5 years was consecutively recruited in the 48 public health centres of Kermanshah city, where free health services are provided to mothers and children under 6 years old. Respondents were individually interviewed on site by trained and experienced female interviewers (response rate 94.3%). A structured pilot-tested questionnaire was used that consisted mainly of closed questions about individual assessment of the extent to which various items could be regarded as a potential cause, a potential trigger or a potential consequence of IPVAW. Individual item frequencies were compiled and the association between socio-demographic attributes of the spouses and also respondents' prior exposure to violence and women answers was explored. Results For most factors covered, women mainly "agreed" or "agreed very much" about their potential as a trigger or a cause of IPVAW; agreements were stronger for individual-related potential causes. Generally, women's socio-demographic characteristics and prior victimisation did not much affect the opinions they expressed. For some triggers however, women's own occupation and their husband's educational level affected how much in agreement they were. Conclusion The women interviewed consider that most potential causes and triggers proposed may, at some point in a relationship, engender IPVAW. In the main, their views are not much altered by their own and their husbands' socioeconomic position or their prior victimisation. It remains to be seen whether married men and, for that matter, even women married for a shorter duration or from other settings will answer in a similar manner.</p
Fourier-transform infrared analysis and interpretation for bituminous binders
No full textInfraRed spectrometry is a powerful technique to characterise bituminous binders. The methodology is not fully harmonised and may lead to vari-ability. The RILEM-272-PIM-TG1, evaluated seven complex bituminous, for which eleven laboratories performed FTIR. While, the spectra showed sim-ilar trends, further analysis was needed to improve comparison. A specific approach was applied on two binders, unmodified and polymer modified bitumen, and two ageing conditioning. Combining a Gaussian distributionand derivative analysis confirmed a good alignments of laboratory results. A two-step model was developed improving further interpretation. It con-sists of a baseline adjustment with eight points and normalisation over the maximum aliphatic peak. Furthermore, a specific fingerprint model was determined with the main absorption peaks defined by their location and shape. Only the intensity varies from laboratory to laboratory and binders. This general approach can be used as a platform to characterise aging or binder complexityGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Pavement Engineerin
Fitness Ranking of Individual Mutants Drives Patterns of Epistatic Interactions in HIV-1
No full textThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Optimal design of medium-frequency transformers for solid-state transformer applications
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