1,721,000 research outputs found
Replication Data for: Wild bonobos experience unusually low bone resorption during early lactation relative to humans and other mammals
No full textR code and data for analyzes of Wild bonobos experience unusually low bone resorption during early lactation relative to humans and other mammal
Replication Data for: Modulation of cell mediated immunity during pregnancy in wild bonobos
No full textReadMe, CSV, Data (exel) and r skript for Replication Data for: Modulation of cell mediated immunity during pregnancy in wild bonobo
Replication Data for: Validating urinary CTX-I in bonobos
No full textData sets of urinary CTX-I levels and forearm growth in zoo-housed bonobos. Datasets were merged and used to validated urinary CTX-I as a marker for bone growth in bonobos
Replication Data for: Ontogeny of cortisol reaction norms in wild bonobos (Pan paniscus)
No full textThis project investigates the ontogeny of cortisol reaction norms in wild bonobos. Using linear mixed-effects models, we examine how individual bonobos vary in average cortisol levels and their diurnal plasticity across developmental stages
Replication Data for: Transition to siblinghood
No full textSource data for statistics and figures of Transition to siblinghood. Including all hormonal measures and behavior data as well as R-codes
Replication Data for: Average phenotype but not plasticity in two metabolic hormones covary in wild female bonobos (Pan paniscus)
No full textReplication Data for multivariate plasticity analysis including R code and final data ru
Neopterin as a Tool for Primate Ecoimmunology: Current Knowledge, Practical Application, and New Directions From Captivity to the Wild
No full textNeopterin is a well-established biomarker of interferon-gamma-mediated macrophage activation that indicates cell-mediated immune system responses in humans. Because it is readily quantifiable in urine, it is increasingly used in nonhuman primates to study cell-mediated immune functioning in relation to infectious diseases, but also environmental and individual factors, in both captive and wild primates. This review synthesizes our current knowledge on these topics with a focus on nonhuman primates. We cover the influence of various methodological factors during sampling and analysis on the reliability of neopterin measurements and give practical advice on how these factors can be mitigated. Furthermore, we address the advantages and disadvantages of different biological matrices in which neopterin can be measured and propose best practice guidelines for handling and storage of samples that consider challenges encountered during fieldwork. We conclude this review with an outlook on topics within primatology where neopterin, as a marker of cell-mediated immune functioning, could become a valuable tool to answer applied questions and test evolutionary hypotheses about immune functioning in primates
Dental findings in wild great apes from macerated skull analysis
No full textOral health is a crucial aspect of overall well-being in both humans and nonhuman primates. Understanding the oral pathologies and dental conditions in apes can provide valuable insights into their evolutionary history, dietary habits, and overall health. The present study evaluates dental findings in wild great apes from museum specimens to gain insights into the influence of natural nutrition on dental health. Complete macerated skulls of wild, adult great apes from the collection of the Museum of Natural History, Berlin, Germany, were examined. We analyzed skulls of 53 gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), 63 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and 41 orangutans (Pongo spp.). For each skull, we recorded wear of dental hard tissues (Lussi and Ganss index), carious lesions, and periodontal bone loss. Incisal and occlusal dental hard tissue defects were found in all skulls, as well as considerable external staining. In all species, incisors and canines showed the greatest loss of tissue, followed by molars. The wear of molars decreased from the first to the third molars, premolars showed the least pronounced defects. Some individuals had apical osteolytic defects along with severe dental hard tissue loss with pulp involvement or after dental trauma, respectively (n = 5). Our study did not observe any carious lesions among the examined great ape skulls. However, we did find evidence for localized or generalized periodontal bone loss in a subset of the specimens (n = 3 chimpanzees, n = 7 orangutans). The natural diet and foraging behavior of great apes induces abrasion and attrition of dental hard tissue but does not yield carious lesions. The occurrence of periodontitis in individual apes indicates that the natural circumstances can induce periodontal bone loss even in the wild, despite physiological nutrition
Urinary neopterin of wild chimpanzees indicates that cell-mediated immune activity varies by age, sex, and female reproductive status
No full textAbstract
The study of free-living animal populations is necessary to understand life history trade-offs associated with immune investment. To investigate the role of life history strategies in shaping proinflammatory cell-mediated immune function, we analyzed age, sex, and reproductive status as predictors of urinary neopterin in 70 sexually mature chimpanzees (
Pan troglodytes
) at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. In the absence of clinical signs of acute infectious disease, neopterin levels significantly increased with age in both male and female chimpanzees, as observed in humans and several other vertebrate species. Furthermore, males exhibited higher neopterin levels than females across adulthood. Finally, females with full sexual swellings, pregnant females, and post-reproductive females, the oldest individuals in our sample, exhibited higher neopterin levels than lactating females and cycling females without full swellings. Variation in females’ neopterin levels by reproductive status is consistent with post-ovulatory and pregnancy-related immune patterns documented in humans. Together, our results provide evidence of ample variation in chimpanzee immune activity corresponding to biodemographic and physiological variation. Future studies comparing immune activity across ecological conditions and social systems are essential for understanding the life histories of primates and other mammals.National Science Board http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005716Wenner-Gren Foundation 100001388National Geographic Society http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006363Nacey Maggioncalda Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009687Boston University 100007161Max-Planck-SocietyNational Institute on Aging http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000049Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 50110000776
Neopterin Levels in Bonobos Vary Seasonally and Reflect Symptomatic Respiratory Infections
No full textAs environmental changes exacerbate the threat coming from infectious diseases in wild mammal species, monitoring their health and gaining a better understanding of the immune functioning at the species level have become critically important. Neopterin is a biomarker of cell-mediated immune responses to intracellular infections. We investigated the variation of urinary neopterin (uNeo) levels of wild, habituated bonobos (Pan paniscus) in relation to individual and environmental factors. We used 309 urine samples collected between 2010 and 2018 at the LuiKotale field site, DRC. Based on current knowledge on zoo-housed conspecifics and closely related species, we predicted uNeo levels to increase (1) during infections, (2) with increasing age, (3) over the gestation period and in estrous females; and (4) to vary seasonally. Our results showed uNeo levels varied over a one-year period and increased in individuals showing respiratory symptoms. Contrary to chimpanzees, uNeo levels did not vary with age or female reproductive status, possibly due to our small sample size. Our study provides a baseline for a better understanding of bonobo’s immunocompetence in the context of socio-ecological pressures and for monitoring the health of wild populations.publishe
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