1,721,154 research outputs found
Mir grauet vor der Götter Neide - Der Neid der Eltern in Fallbeispielen und Literatur
No full textIn mehreren psychoanalytischen Behandlungen während meiner Weiterbildung stieß ich auf die
Tatsache, dass Patienten in ihrer eigenen Entwicklung unter anderem deswegen gehemmt waren,
weil sie – in der Regel nicht ohne Grund – unbewusst den Neid eines Elternteils (zumeist des
gleichgeschlechtlichen) oder sogar beider Eltern fürchteten.
Auch den Eltern war ihr Neid nicht bewusst, was an Hand der bei uns herrschenden Vorstellungen,
wie Eltern zu sein haben, durchaus erklärbar ist: Eltern haben in der deutschen Familie für ihre Kinder
nur Gutes im Sinn und wollen nur deren „Bestes“. Neidgefühle im Sinne von „jemandem etwas nicht
gönnen“ wären geradezu konträr zu unserem landläufigen Verständnis von Elternsein und etwas,
wofür man sich als Vater oder Mutter schämen müsste, nicht zuletzt vor sich selbst.
Etliche Gespräche mit Weiterbildungskollegen und Freunden haben mir gezeigt, dass gerade die
Eltern meiner Generation (der Nachkriegskinder, ich bin Jahrgang 1951) in dieser Hinsicht sicher hart
mit sich selbst zu kämpfen hatten. Denn als wir geboren wurden, hatten unsere Eltern (sofern sie als
Paare überhaupt einander erhalten geblieben waren) eine Spätadoleszenz mit Krieg und Flucht, das
heißt, Todesangst, Überlebenskampf, Hunger, jahrelangen Entbehrungen und schweren Verlusten,
unter Umständen auch Traumatisierungen hinter sich und obendrein das beklemmende Gefühl, als
Jugendliche verblendet und missbraucht worden und letztlich an allem „selber schuld“ zu sein. Was
es für die Generation dieser Eltern bedeutet haben mag, zu sehen, wie ihre eigenen, in Frieden und
relativem Wohlstand aufgewachsenen Kinder ihre Jugend damit verbrachten, sich nie gekannte
Freiheiten herauszunehmen und obendrein die Eltern gründlich vor den Kopf zu stoßen (was sie sich
nie hatten herausnehmen dürfen) und anzuklagen, lässt sich schwer ermessen.
Zunächst skizziere ich einige Fälle, die sich mir aus dem klinischen Alltag eingeprägt haben und
beschäftige mich dann mit dem Elternneid in populärpsychologischer Literatur, in der Belletristik und
im Märchen. Im Anschluss gebe ich eine Zusammenfassung meiner eigenen psychoanalytischen
Sichtweise von Neid an sich. Danach beschäftige ich mit einigen Arbeiten, in denen ich in der Tat den
Elternneid beachtet fand. Der vorletzte Abschnitt referiert den „etwas anderen“ Blick auf den
Ödipus-Mythos und das ödipale Krise in der kindlichen Entwicklung.
Der letzte Abschnitt behandelt einen neueren Beitrag zu einer für unsere Berufsgruppe wichtige
Variante: Der Neid des Therapeuten auf den sich entwickelnden oder in irgendeiner Hinsicht ohnehin
bevorzugten Patienten.In several psychoanalytic treatments during my training, I came across the fact that patients were inhibited in their own development because, among other reasons, they unconsciously feared the envy of a parent (usually the same sex) or even both parents.
Also parents were not aware of their envy, which is quite explicable with reference to our prevailing ideas of a parent: parents in German families are supposed to have solely good intentions regarding their children and they only want the "Best" for them. Envy in the sense of "not allowing anything to anyone" would be downright contrary to our popular understanding of parenting and thus something of which a father or mother should be ashamed.
Several discussions with training colleagues and friends have shown that parents of my generation (post-war, I was born in 1951) certainly had to face heavy inner conflicts in this respect, but these conflicts mostly remained unconscious. When we were born, our parents had lived through a late adolescence with war and displacement, that is fear of death, struggle for survival, hunger, many years of hardships and heavy losses, and, under certain circumstances, trauma as well. On top of that, they had the oppressive feeling to have been blinded and abused as a teenager and that it is ultimately all their "own fault". It is hard to imagine how this generation of parents might have felt seeing their own children growing up in peace and relative prosperity, practicing “inacceptable” freedoms. In addition, my generation confronted their parents in a way those parents would have never been able to do in their youth and we accused them for having followed the Nazi regime.
First, I will outline a few cases that have impressed me in my clinical practice and then I will look at the parents’ envy in popular psychological literature, in fiction and in fairy tales. Thereafter, I will give a summary of my own psychoanalytic perspective of envy itself. Then I deal with some studies in which I found the authors in fact considering envy in parents. The penultimate section deals with the "slightly different" view of the myth of Oedipus and the oedipal crisis.
The last section reflects a more recent contribution to a kind of envy that is important for my own professional group: the therapist‘s envy experiencing the patient’s positive development or seeing a patient being better off in some important aspects of life
Breast cancer risk factors and survival by tumour subtype: pooled analyses from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium
No full textBackground: It is not known whether modifiable lifestyle factors that predict survival after invasive breast cancer differ by subtype.
Methods: We analyzed data for 121,435 women diagnosed with breast cancer from 67 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium with 16,890 deaths (8,554 breast cancer specific) over 10 years. Cox regression was used to estimate associations between risk factors and 10-year all-cause mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality overall, by estrogen receptor (ER) status, and by intrinsic-like subtype.
Results: There was no evidence of heterogeneous associations between risk factors and mortality by subtype (P adj > 0.30). The strongest associations were between all-cause mortality and BMI ≥30 versus 18.5-25 kg/m2 [HR (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19 (1.06-1.34)]; current versus never smoking [1.37 (1.27-1.47)], high versus low physical activity [0.43 (0.21-0.86)], age ≥30 years versus <20 years at first pregnancy [0.79 (0.72-0.86)]; >0-<5 years versus ≥10 years since last full-term birth [1.31 (1.11-1.55)]; ever versus never use of oral contraceptives [0.91 (0.87-0.96)]; ever versus never use of menopausal hormone therapy, including current estrogen-progestin therapy [0.61 (0.54-0.69)]. Similar associations with breast cancer mortality were weaker; for example, 1.11 (1.02-1.21) for current versus never smoking.
Conclusions: We confirm associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and 10-year all-cause mortality. There was no strong evidence that associations differed by ER status or intrinsic-like subtype.
Impact: Given the large dataset and lack of evidence that associations between modifiable risk factors and 10-year mortality differed by subtype, these associations could be cautiously used in prognostication models to inform patient-centered care
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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