1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Changes in Muscle Properties as a Function of Age and Training in Mice
No full textMuscles adapt quickly to perturbations such as exercise training, disuse, or aging. Advanced aging is associated with a decline of muscle performance, whereas training results in enhanced contractile properties of muscle and metabolic changes that benefit performance. While numerous studies have documented age-related declines in muscle and locomotor performance, it is still unclear how factors such as extreme, lifelong aerobic training and genetics can impact the timing and trajectory of muscle aging. Here we use mice from two genetic lines (control and mice selected for high levels of wheel running over 70 generations, or HR mice) to better understand the effect of high levels of aerobic activity on age-related declines in muscle performance. Mice were divided into four cohorts (Ctrl/wheel access, Ctrl/no wheel access, HR/wheel access, HR/no wheel access) and muscle contractile properties were obtained from mice at time points spanning two years for each cohort. In order to characterize contractile performance we used an in situ preparation to measure the force, velocity, power, and passive properties of the triceps surae complex. We found that, without training, control mice had significantly higher shortening velocities than HR mice, regardless of age. There were no significant differences in power production, force, or resilience across any line or treatment cohort. We found that passive stiffness significantly declined across all mice with wheel access in late ontogeny. This study informs our understanding the role of endurance training in preserving a healthy muscle phenotype throughout ontogeny. Our results may also provide insight into relative contributions of genotype and phenotypic plasticity as mechanisms that determine how muscles respond to training and aging
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Effects of Aging and Training on Muscle Shortening Properties
No full textMammalian muscles are extremely plastic, rapidly remodeling in response to exercise, disuse, or aging. Aging is associated with a decline in muscle performance, whereas exercise often results in mechanical or energetic changes that enhance performance. I aim to understand how exposures to regular exercise, and the genetic propensity for exercise, counteract age-related declines in muscle performance. Although numerous studies have documented agerelated changes to muscle and locomotor performance, our understanding of how genetics and exercise alter normal muscle aging is limited. Although the basic contractile machinery of skeletal muscles is highly conserved across vertebrate evolution, variation in fiber type composition provides the necessary variation in force, speed and efficiency needed to perform diverse functions. Fiber-type composition can vary among different individuals and can change rapidly in response to a muscle’s loading conditions. Therefore, fiber type composition is an expressed phenotype based on both genetic history and changes to gene expression patterns. Despite knowing fiber type composition is an important determinant of locomotor performance, it has been difficult to discern the effect of an individual’s genotype from their mechanical history. My proposed dissertation project aims to evaluate the role of genetics and plasticity on physiologically relevant traits both across generations and within an individual
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Effect of Counseling on STEM Student GPA at a Community College: A Quasi-Experimental Longitudinal Case Study
Get PDFThe persistent under-representation and academic attrition of first-generation and underrepresented minority (URM) students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines present a critical challenge for institutions of higher education—particularly community colleges, which function as a primary access point for these populations. As the United States continues to face a growing demand for a diverse and skilled STEM workforce, it is imperative to identify and implement interventions that support the academic success and retention of these students. This dissertation examines the role of academic counseling as a potentially impactful support mechanism, analyzing its relationship with academic performance among STEM students at a California community college. Utilizing a quasi- experimental longitudinal case study design, the study evaluates demographic and academic data to determine the extent to which counseling frequency influences calculated grade point average (GPA), used here as the primary indicator of student success. A regression analysis assesses the predictive value of counseling interventions alongside demographic variables, including first- generation status and race/ethnicity. Findings are discussed through a Community Cultural Wealth lens, along with the importance of culturally appropriate counseling methods.
This research is grounded in Tara Yosso\u27 s Community Cultural Wealth (CCW) framework, which challenges traditional deficit- based perspectives by emphasizing the strengths and forms of capital that students from historically marginalized communities bring to educational institutions. Rather than requiring students to assimilate into dominant campus cultures, CCW advocates for institutions to recognize and build upon students\u27 existing aspirational, familial, and navigational assets to foster inclusive environments conducive to success.
The implications of this study are significant for educational leaders, policymakers, and student services professionals seeking to close equity gaps in STEM education. The findings support targeted investments in counseling infrastructure, the development of peer and faculty mentorship models, and the intentional design of institutional practices that affirm students’ cultural backgrounds and lived experiences
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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