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Etats-Unis
No full textBeecher Jonathan, Newman Edgar. Etats-Unis. In: 1848. Révolutions et mutations au XIXe siècle, Numéro 5, 1989. Histoires de centenaires ou le devenir des révolutions. pp. 142-144
Etats-Unis
No full textBeecher Jonathan, Newman Edgar. Etats-Unis. In: 1848. Révolutions et mutations au XIXe siècle, Numéro 5, 1989. Histoires de centenaires ou le devenir des révolutions. pp. 142-144
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Antoine Francois Momoro: "First Printer of National Liberty", 1756-1794
Full text linkAntoine François Momoro (1756-1794) appears in historiographies of the French Revolution, in the history of printing and typography and in the history of work during the eighteenth century. Historians of the 1789 Revolution have often defined Momoro as either a sans-culottes or spokesman for the sans-culottes. Marxist historians and thinkers defined Momoro as an early socialist thinker for his controversial views on price fixing and private property. In the history of printing, Momoro's two treatises on printing and imposition are considered with varying degrees of significance, while Momoro's legacy as a printer and typographer remains nearly undisputed over the past two centuries. Momoro was in fact all of these things -- sans culottes, socialist, author, printer and typographer -- to a degree. This dissertation asserts that as a historical figure Momoro should be remembered precisely for the tension between his desires to maintain traditional standards in printing and his intense advocacy of the eradication of aristocratic privilege. My dissertation examines Momoro's evolution into the "First Printer of National Liberty" during the first months of relative press freedom in August 1789 and charts his increased political participation in radical political circles in Paris. It includes detailed analysis of Momoro's two printing manuals and reveals the conservative nature of his stance regarding traditional standards and practices in the trade despite his radical political views. The dissertation concludes with detailed analysis of Momoro's correspondence as Commissaire Nationale in the Vendée in 1793 as evidence of his increased radicalization and advocacy of the Terror
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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The Voyage into Unbelief: Leaving the Catholic Church in France 1870-1940
Full text linkToday France is effectively a post-Christian nation. The majority of French no longer identifythemselves as Christian. Prior to the modern period, belief in God was largely taken for grantedin French society; the majority of French men and women participated in some form of Christianworship. But these practices have drastically changed over the last two centuries. How might weunderstand the processes through which unbelief took root in modern France even as traditionalforms of worship slowly eroded? In order to understand French religious decline, thisdissertation contextualizes the crisis at the end of the nineteenth century by making acomparative study of former Catholics who became unbelievers during the Third Republic(1870-1940). The work focuses on intellectuals not known outside of specialists in ThirdRepublic France who left testimonies, such as Hyacinthe Loyson, Albert Houtin, Alfred Loisy,André Lorulot, and Clemence Royer. This microhistorical approach studies how unbeliefbecome a part of French intellectual and political culture through the testimonies of reformingCatholics and militant atheists. The decline of religion is related largely to moral and socialshifts that caused the people’s loyalty to Catholicism to evaporate. The decline of religion inFrance was contingent and not a determined process of modernity. Science was important butmostly as a justification after the fact
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