1,354,571 research outputs found
NAFLD: a critical appraisal by the clinician
No full text• Liver biopsy remains the only diagnostic tool to stage NAFLD and to assess disease progression; clinical/biochemical parameters may be used as surrogate markers, but their accuracy is limited
• The presence of multiple features of the metabolic syndrome is associated with more advanced and more progressive disease
• Obesity and diabetes are associated with more aggressive liver disease, but their effect on final outcome is uncertain
• Cardiovascular risk may compete with liver disease-related risk in dictating the final outcome
• Longitudinal studies based on liver biopsy data are needed to define the natural history of diseas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Utility and appropriateness of the fatty Liver Inhibition of progression ( FLIP) Algorithm and Steatosis, Activity, and Fibrosis ( SAF) Score in the evaluation of Biopsies of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
No full textBiopsy is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis but the
definition may vary among pathologists, a drawback especially in evaluation of biopsies
for clinical trials. We previously developed a scoring system (steatosis, activity, fibrosis
[SAF]) allowing the use of an algorithm (fatty liver inhibition of progression [FLIP])
for the classification of liver injury in morbid obesity. The aim of this study was to
determine whether the use of the SAF score and FLIP algorithm can decrease interobserver
variations among pathologists. In a first session, pathologists categorized 40 liver
biopsies of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) according to their
own experience. In a second reading session, each pathologist reclassified the same slides
by using the FLIP algorithm and SAF score, blinded to their first evaluation. The
experiment was repeated with two different groups of pathologists at varying levels of
training in liver pathology. The percentage of biopsy interpretation concordant with reference
evaluation increased from 77% to 97% in Group 1 and from 42% to 75% in
Group 2 after the use of the SAF score and FLIP algorithm. The strength of concordance
in classification increased in Group 1 from moderate (j50.54) to substantial
(j50.66) and from fair (j50.35) to substantial (j50.61) in Group 2 with application
of the algorithm. With regard to the SAF score, concordance was substantial in
Group 1 for steatosis (j50.61), activity (j50.75), and almost perfect for fibrosis
(j50.83 after pooling 1a, 1b, and 1c together into a single score F1). Similar trends
were observed in Group 2 (j50.54 for S, j50.68 for A, and j50.72 for F). Conclusion:
The FLIP algorithm based on the SAF score should decrease interobserver variations
among pathologists and are likely to be implemented in pathology practice.
(HEPATOLOGY 2014;60:565-575
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Well-differentiated hepatocellular neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential: proposal for a new diagnostic category
No full textTo the EditorPierre Bedossa, Alastair D. Burt, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Francesco Callea, Andrew D. Clouston, Hans-Peter Dienes, Zachary D. Goodman, Annette S.H. Gouw, Stefan G. Hubscher, Eve A. Roberts, Tania Roskams, Luigi Terracciano, Dina G. Tiniakos, Michael S. Torbenson, Ian R. Wanles
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
The diagnostic accuracy of Fibroscan for cirrhosis is influenced by liver morphometry in HCV patients with a sustained virological response
No full textBackground & Aims Transient elastography (TE) is a validated non-invasive tool to evaluate hepatic fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Whether TE may sense changes of liver fibrosis following therapeutic HCV eradication has never been evaluated. Methods 37 HCV cirrhotics with paired pre- and post-sustained virological response (SVR) liver biopsies (LB) underwent TE at the time of post-SVR LB. Liver fibrosis was staged with the METAVIR scoring system and the area of fibrosis (%) was assessed morphometrically. Results Thirty-three patients had valid TE measurements after 61 (48-104) months from an SVR, and 20 (61%) of them had cirrhosis regression. On post-SVR LB, the median area of fibrosis was 2.3%, being significantly reduced from baseline (p <0.0001). Median TE value was 9.8 kPa being lower in regressed vs. not regressed patients (9.1 kPa vs. 12.9 kPa, p = 0.01). TE was <12 kPa in 5 (38%) F4 patients and in 19 (95%) ≤F3 patients (p = 0.0007). The diagnostic accuracy of TE for diagnosing F4 after treatment was 61% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 12.3 LR+, 0.4 LR-, and AUROC 0.77. A significant correlation was found between TE and both fibrosis stage (r = 0.56; p = 0.001) and morphometry (r = 0.56, p = 0.001) as well as between fibrosis stage and area of fibrosis (r = 0.72, p = 0001). Conclusions Following therapeutic eradication of HCV, the predictive power of the viremic cut-off of 12 kPa was low as a consequence of liver remodelling and fibrosis reabsorption. LB still remains the only reliable approach to stage liver fibrosis following an SVR
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