1,721,327 research outputs found
Interpenetration versus Embeddedness : The Premature Dismissal of Talcott Parsons in the New Economic Sociology
Full text linkThe economy and economics are important fields in
Talcott Parsons’s work. Parsons’s contributions on this subject were, however, mostly critically received in the new economic sociology. In this article, main points of criticism of Parsons’s economic sociology will be discussed and the question asked whether the importance of Parsons’s works in economic sociology was adequately treated. It will be demonstrated that the critical assessments was based for the most part on theoretical conceptions Parsons developed during his structural-functionalist period. Hence the assessments neglected to discuss the theory of expressive-symbolic communication of affect that Parsons developed in his later systems-functionalist period. However, precisely these later theoretical developments correlate directly with the concept of social embeddedness as a key concept in the new economic sociology. A stronger linking with this development in Parsons’s theory could bring economic sociology closer to finding a foundation in action theory, which has been missing up to the present
Art and Prices: Reputation as a Mechanism for Reducing Uncertainty in the Art Market
No full textWie kommen die Preise für zeitgenössische Kunst zustande? Die Käufer dieser Kunst stehen vor einem Problem fundamentaler Ungewissheit, da „Qualität“ nur schwer zu bestimmen und die Wertentwicklung als Investitionsobjekt kaum abzuschätzen ist. Da ein Markt für zeitgenössische Kunst die Möglichkeit zumindest begrenzt rationaler Kaufentscheidungen voraussetzt, muss diese Ungewissheit abgebaut werden. Unsere These lautet, dass der Wert eines Kunstwerks oder Künstlers in einem intersubjektiven Prozess der Bewertung und Reputationsverleihung durch Experten und Institutionen im Feld der Kunst entsteht. Dies geschieht vornehmlich durch die Institutionen des Kunstmarktes und der Künstlerausbildung, also durch Galeristen, Kuratoren, Kritiker, Kunsthändler, Journalisten, Sammler und Kunsthochschulen, die gemeinsam an der Herstellung der künstlerischen Reputation eines Werks oder eines Künstlers beteiligt sind, die dann wiederum die Grundlage für die Bestimmung des ökonomischen Wertes ist. Zur Überprüfung dieser Ausgangshypothese wurden zwei Datensätze mit Daten zu den Biografien von Künstlern erstellt und ausgewertet.How are prices established in the market for contemporary art? Buyers in this market are confronted with fundamental uncertainty since “quality” is only difficult to determine and the development of prices is non-predictable. Since the emergence of a market for contemporary art presupposes at least the possibility for intentional rational decision-making, this uncertainty must be reduced. We argue that the value of a piece of art or an artist is established in an intersubjective process of granting reputation by experts and institutions in the field of art. This is achieved primarily through the institutions of the art market and the training of artists, i.e. through galleries, curators, critics, art dealers, journalists, collectors, and art schools. They participate jointly in the making of artistic reputation of the artist’s work that provides, in turn, the basis for the determination of its economic value. For testing this hypothesis we assembled and analyzed two datasets with data on the biographies of artists and prices for their works
Quality classifications in competition price formation in the German wine market
Full text linkHow do judgment devices influence price formation? We investigate this question through a study of the German wine market. The German wine market is characterized by the simultaneous existence of two classification systems: the official classification system referring to the “quality in the glass,” and the concept of “terroir,” introduced by a private association of quality winemakers, the Verband deutscher Prädikatsweingüter. We used a data set comprising 1,890 wines from 248 different wineries in the German wine-growing regions of Rheingau and Rheinhessen. Our results show that the two classification systems function as mutually exclusive strategic options for winemakers. We also show that the non-official classification of terroir is much more powerful in explaining price formation within the market
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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