1,720,973 research outputs found
ARCoES: Adaptation and Resilience of Coastal Energy Supply
No full textTo examine the uptake of metals under varying conditions of temperature and disturbance from historically contaminated sediment (collected at Lytham St. Anne’s, 53o43’58”N, 2o57’37”W) to a natural microphytobenthic community a study was conducted using an intertidal mesocosm. The study ran for a total of 231 days (from 16th September 2015 to 3rd May 2016) under three water temperatures (ambient, plus 1.5oC and plus 4.0oC) with sampling of algae and water at 10 intervals. Biomass on the sediment surface was monitored using Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a proxy.
Diatoms were found to have a higher uptake of the metals analysed (except tin) than other types of algae (filamentous and sheet macroalgae), confirming their importance as a study organism with respect to metal uptake and potential mobilisation through the food chain. Sediment disturbance was shown to increase metal uptake from the sediment to algae, which is of concern due to predicted increases in storminess, as a consequence of climate change, which is likely to increase sediment disturbance and therefore future metal uptake to algae. There were indications of an antagonistic effect of temperature on sediment disturbance. Whilst disturbance increased uptake of metals to algae, increasing temperatures reduced this for some metals.There are eight .csv files, four files containing data and four accompanying files containing information to explain the data categories. The files are as follows;
• MesocosmAll.csv
Concentration (mg kg-1) data of 14 metals (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Sn and Pb), analysed by XSERIES 2 ICP-MS (Thermo Scientific, Germany) for sediment, overlying water and diatom compartments of each experimental unit. Air, mud and water temperature data, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) values, sediment water and organic matter content and supporting information.
• MetadataForMesocosmAll.csv
• MesocosmHourlyTemperature.csv
Hourly data for air, mud and water temperatures in the polytunnel and individual mesocosm tanks
• MetadataForMesocosmHourlyTemperature.csv
• MesoParticleSize.csv
Sediment particle size data measured using a Coulter LS 230 laser granulometer and classified according to the Udden-Wentworth scale
• MetadataForMesoParticleSize.csv
• NDVI.csv
NDVI values derived from reflectance measurements of the sediment surface and supporting information. Reflectance measurements were made using the ASD FieldSpec® UV/NIR throughout the course of the experiment, initially daily then switching to weekly as the growth rate slowed.
• MetadataForNDVI.csvThis dataset does not comply with EPSRC's research data requirements because the creator did not know of the requirement
Current and future vulnerability of Argyle International Airport to combined river & coastal flooding
No full textArgyle International Airport is at risk from coastal and fluvial flooding, especially when coarse sediments are deposited in the northernmost tunnel mouths (through which the River Yambou flows) and constrict the carrying capacity. Building on previous research which employed a “bathtub” approach to show areas of St. Vincent at risk from flooding, we use rainfall-runoff, inundation and storm impact models to formulate storm conditions based on Hurricane Ivan, with sea levels representative of the present-day, 2100 (+ 1.10 m) and 2500 (+ 5.48 m) under the Relative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. Combining these with constricted tunnel flow regimes of 20-100% (representing 1-5 tunnels becoming blocked), we assess the risk of flooding to the runway and the rear access road.We find that the Airport’s drainage system adjacent to the runway copes reasonably well with the applied flood conditions. In presentday and 2100 sea-level scenarios with flow constrictions of≥80%, only the northern Runway End Safety Area (RESA) is flooded. However this flooding may be sufficient to render the RESA incompliant with International Civil Aviation Organisation regulations by reducing its effective width. The greater and more immediate risk is likely to be to the access road which runs around the eastern side of the runway, which is shown to be vulnerable under Hurricane Ivan conditions (a water level of 4.40 m above mean sea level, consisting of astronomical tide, storm surge and wave setup) with no sea-level rise superimposed.These results must be interpreted with caution as there is no subdaily precipitation data nor River Yambou flow data, both of which would be required for a more rigorous assessment of the flood risk to the airport. The simplistic representation of the tunnels is also likely to introduce uncertainty by applying an approximate flow solution once the tunnels are full. The main outcome from this work is a modelling framework which could be applied in the future, should better observational data become available to increase the accuracy and robustness of subsequent flood risk assessments
Guidance note on the application of coastal modelling for small island developing states: Part of the NOC-led project “Climate Change Impact Assessment: Ocean Modelling and Monitoring for the Caribbean CME states”, 2017-2020; under the Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme in the Caribbean
Full text linkSmall Island Developing States (SIDS) are a diverse group of 51 countries and territories vulnerable to human-induced climate change, due to factors including their small size, large exclusive economic zones and limited resources. They generally have insufficient critical mass in scientific research and technical capability to carry out coastal monitoring campaigns from scratch and limited access to data. This guidance report will go some way to addressing these issues by providing information on monitoring methods and signposting data sources. Coastal monitoring, the collection, analysis and storage of information about coastal processes and the response of the coastline, provides information on how the coast changes over time, after storm events and due to the effects of human intervention. Accurate and repeatable observational data is essential to informed decision making, particularly in light of climate change, the impacts of which are already being felt. In this report, we review the need for monitoring and the development of appropriate strategies, which include good baseline data and long-term repeatable data collection at appropriate timescales. We identify some of the methods for collection of in situ data, such as tide gauges and topographic survey, and highlight where resources in terms of data and equipment are currently available. We then go on to explore the range of remote sensing methods available from satellites to smart phone photography. Both in situ and remotely sensed data are important as inputs into models, which in turn feed in to visualisations for decision-making. We review the availability of a wide range of datasets, including details of how to access satellite data and links to international and regional data banks. The report concludes with information on the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and good practice in managing data
ARCoES: Adaptation and Resilience of Coastal Energy Supply
No full textA laboratory study was carried out in the first quarter of 2015 using a single diatom species Cylindrotheca closterium ((Ehrenberg) Lewin & Reimann (1964)) purchased from CCAP (Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa) and cadmium (Cd) spiked sediment (collected from Loch Fleet, Scotland, 57o56’N, 4o2’W) and growth media (f2+Si) was repeated three times for replication purposes in the CEF at University of Stirling. The experiment was run for 96 hours (following U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines for toxicity tests) illuminated on a 12/12-hour light/dark cycle at an irradiance of 60µmol photos m-2s-1 at 15oC. Samples were taken at three, 24 and 96 hours.
It was found that uptake of Cd varied with sediment properties revealing the importance of sediment particle size and organic matter content on metal bio-availability to diatoms. Additionally the presence of diatoms altered the partitioning of Cd between the sediment, overlying water and pore water.There are six .csv files, three files containing data and three accompanying files containing information to explain the data categories. The files are as follows;
• LabExperimentCdData.csv
Cadmium concentration (mg kg-1) data, analysed by XSERIES 2 ICP-MS (Thermo Scientific, Germany) for sediment, overlying water, pore water and diatom compartments of each experimental unit and supporting information
• MetadataForLabExperimentCdData.csv
• LabExperimentLOIData.csv
Percentage organic matter in sediment measured using the loss on ignition (LOI) method
• MetadataForLabExperimentLOIData.csv
• LabExperimentPSData.csv
Sediment particle size data measured using a Coulter LS 230 laser granulometer and classified according to the Udden-Wentworth scale
• MetadataForLabExperimentPSData.csvThis dataset does not comply with EPSRC's research data requirements because the creator did not know of the requirement
ARCoES: Adaptation and Resilience of Coastal Energy Supply
No full textField study carried out on two dates 25th September 2014 and 23rd April 2015 on the mudflats at Lytham St. Anne’s, UK (53o43’58”N, 2o57’37”W). Sampling was carried out from 10 points on a 100 m grid. Diatoms were sampled using a variation of the lens tissue method and sediment was sampled using short cores and surface scrapes.
Concentrations of some metals in diatoms were related to the position on the mudflat, whilst others were related to sampling date indicating that there may be seasonal controls, such as diatom biomass on metal uptake from the sediment.There are nine .csv files, five files containing data and four accompanying files containing information to explain the data categories. The files are as follows;
• LythamSiteCoords.csv
Co-ordinates of sample locations used on both sampling dates
• FieldMetals.csv
Concentration (mg kg-1) data of 14 metals (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Sn and Pb), analysed by XSERIES 2 ICP-MS (Thermo Scientific, Germany) for sediment, overlying water, pore water and diatom compartments at each sampling location and supporting information.
• MetadataForFieldMetals.csv
• FieldLOI.csv
Percentage organic matter in sediment (at three depths at each site) measured using the loss on ignition (LOI) method and supporting information.
• MetadataForFieldLOI.csv
• FieldParticleSize.csv
Sediment particle size data measured using a Coulter LS 230 laser granulometer and classified according to the Udden-Wentworth scale
• MetadataForFieldParticleSize.csv
• CollectionMassField.csv
Mass of diatoms (mg) collected from sediment samples in the field and laboratory on both sampling dates
• MetadataForCollectionMassField.csvThis dataset does not comply with EPSRC's research data requirements because the creator did not know of the requirement
Guidance note on the application of coastal modelling for small island developing states: Part of the NOC-led project “Climate Change Impact Assessment: Ocean Modelling and Monitoring for the Caribbean CME states”, 2017-2020; under the Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme in the Caribbean.
No full textSmall Island Developing States (SIDS) are very diverse, but have something in common: they are all vulnerable to human-induced climate change, but have contributed very little to causing the problem, due to their small size and limited development. Much time has been spent in debating climate change and adaptation strategies for such countries, but little has been done in developing practical tools to assist them in managing the coastal zone. In this report we aim to address that. In April 2017, some senior staff members from the National Oceanography Centre (NOC) visited St Vincent and the Grenadines, as part of the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office-funded Neptune programme. At that time, some of the issues around coastal erosion on the east coast of St Vincent were identified, as well as some extreme events from which St Vincent and the Grenadines had suffered substantial losses of GDP. This was followed up by a workshop in January 2018 on ‘Implementing and Monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals in the Caribbean: The Role of the Ocean’, which was co-sponsored by the UK Government-funded Commonwealth Marine Economies Programme (CMEP) via the NOC (CMEP being the successor to Neptune). During the period September 2017 to March 2020, the National Oceanography Centre, funded by the CMEP, has been working with St Vincent and the Grenadines to provide knowledge, data and training about data analysis application and software for the use of coastal managers, particularly in order to address the problem of coastal erosion. We held a stakeholder workshop in Kingstown, St Vincent, in March 2018 and a hands-on technical training workshop in January 2019. A final workshop is being held in March 2020. Here we present an overview of coastal modelling methodology for use by Small Island Developing States (SIDS), including references to previous model review studies and guidance on how to access and apply model outputs, which will be presented at the workshop, entitled ‘Applying Knowledge of Coastal Processes for Coastal Zone Management into the Future’. This report seeks to collate the information on Coastal Modelling, which may be relevant to all SIDS, in order to support evidence-based decision-making. The case study is built around work done for St Vincent and the Grenadines. It is not the intention to explain in detail the technical working and development of models, as it is envisaged that SIDS will not want or need to run complex models themselves, but if this is desired, information on further reading and training is provided. Some of the simpler and more accessible models, with particularly useful applications in the coastal zone, which do not require computer resources beyond a laptop computer, are described in more detail for in-house application and their use in decision-making is explained. The way forward in regional collaboration and capacity-building is discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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