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Anfore da trasporto come indicatori di rapporti commerciali nella Sicilia centro-settentrionale (VI-IV sec. a.C.). Il contributo del sito indigeno di Terravecchia di Cuti (PA)
Full text linkThis paper focuses on a selection of 82 transport amphorae discovered at the indigenous hill site Terravecchia di Cuti (PA) located in central Sicily. The materials found in the urban area of the settlement date back to the 6th-late 4th centuries BCE. The majority of the items have been studied using standardised methods implemented for the data base of FACEM. Additionally, a group of 23 fragments has been submitted to minero-petrographic analyses, with preliminary results being presented in this contribution. This interdisciplinary approach has led to the provenance attribution of a representative selection of amphorae, which originates from a surprisingly large geographical area spanning from the Aegean region in the East to Punic Sardinia in the West. Among the most important scientific outcomes is the identification of a large group of western Greek amphorae produced in Himera, which underlines
the site’s close connection with this northwestern Sicilian town. The present research offers diverse perspectives that contribute to a more nuanced understanding of Cuti’s commercial interaction with both Greek, but also the indigenous sites. Provenance analysis of amphorae can be regarded as an innovative tool for studying some aspects of the complex issue regarding socio-economic relations between the native and the colonial world of Archaic and Classical Sicily
Le ricerche archeometriche: la caratterizzazione delle produzioni di anfore punico-siciliane
No full textLa definizione archeologica ed archeometrica delle produzioni della Sicilia punica ha costituito una delle priorità nell’ambito di un progetto di ricerca incentrato sulla provenienza di anfore commerciali da siti del Mediterraneo centro-meridionale. Presentiamo qui la versione aggiornata ed ampliata, in lingua italiana, di questo studio, parzialmente già pubblicato nella quarta edizione della banca dati di FACEM.
L’analisi delle serie di anfore punico-siciliane ha avuto due obiettivi di base:
1. definire il repertorio tipologico delle singole città, già ben conosciuto per le fondazioni fenicie di Motya (cap. 6) e Solus (cap. 4), meno chiaro quello di Panormos (cap. 5) e sostanzialmente ancora da ricostruire per le neofondazioni puniche di Lilybaion (cap. 7) e Selinus (cap. 8).
2. delineare, per grandi linee, per ciascuna delle cinque città la circolazione diacronica delle proprie serie anforiche fuori dal sito di produzione.
Una valutazione finale di tutti i dati ha permesso, inoltre, di elaborare una classificazione tipologica delle produzioni anforiche di Solus e Panormos (cap. 3). Nel capitolo conclusivo (cap. 9) viene trattata la circolazione
diacronica delle serie puniche ed effettuata una lettura storico-archeologica.
Nel cap. 10 presentiamo alcuni contesti ancora inediti di anfore puniche di produzione siciliana. Infine, viene proposto il panorama completo delle caratterizzazioni archeometriche degli impasti anforici siciliani identificati al momento (cap. 11), integrato delle descrizioni ricavate dall’analisi al microscopio binoculare dei fabrics archeologici (cap. 12)
Western Greek amphorae produced in colonial western Sicily: overview of an interdisciplinary research on the series of Himera, Selinunte, and Agrigento (mid 6th-early 4th centuries BCE)
No full textDuring their earliest settlement phases, Sicilian Greek colonies imported amphorae-born commodities from extra-regional regions, primarily from Athens, Corinth, and the Aegean area.
These plausible ‘primary-content amphorae’ conceived for large-scale and long-distance trade of one major product (wine and olive oil) dominated the markets of the Archaic Sicilian citystates, which were among the most important consumption areas of the central Mediterranean. The intensive manufacture of Sicilian transport containers, that is western Greek-type vessels, did not begin until the later 6th century BCE in the colonial milieu with some forerunners from the mid-6th century BCE onwards (see ch. 2.1).
There is a certain difficulty in distinguishing the Archaic amphorae productions of the western Sicilian Greek colonies based only on stylistic-formal aspects and macroscopic fabric.
An ‘integrated archaeometric approach’ has proven to be an effective tool in this sense. In fact, through the contribution provided by a direct knowledge of the local geo-lithological context, by the in-depth compositional and textural characterisation of the potential clayey raw materials,
it was possible to highlight some characteristic ‘markers’ functional to distinguish the individual productions. Inter alia, this paper summarises the most relevant issues of recent interdisciplinary research on amphorae production in the westernmost Sicilian Greek colonies of Himera, Selinunte,
and Agrigento. It consists of a comprehensive review of the archaeometric researches issued on this topic by the authors themselves in the last five years (see ch. 2.1-2.3). It aims to
concisely re-discuss the published results in a comparative way so as to offer a hands-on resource for verifying the distribution of Sicilian western Greek vessels in the Mediterranean basin
Selinunte (Sicily) and its productive context: the clayey raw materials applied in a long-lived ceramic production (seventh to third century BCE)
No full textThe westernmost of the Greek-Sicilian towns, Selinunte, founded in western Sicily during the second half of the seventh century BCE, gives amazing evidences of a historic activity of ceramic production (seventh to third century BCE). The present study aims to identify the raw materials available in the vicinity of the archaeological site of Selinunte, which were possibly used by the ancient potters, and to characterise them by means of petrographic and chemical techniques. A sampling campaign of clays and sands for tempering was undertaken in the archaeological site and the adjacent area. Moreover, locally produced archaeological bricks and tiles were considered helpful for comparison regarding the definition of local ceramic macro- and micro-fabrics and were analysed as well. The comparison between textural, mineralogical and chemical data allowed us to highlight a good similarity between the clayey materials available in the area and the local ancient bricks and tiles. Their compositional resemblance suggests the hypothesis of a systematic use of the studied clays for ceramic productions from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period. The preliminary archaeometric results obtained so far could enhance the distinction between local manufactures and imports and may well lead to the identification of ceramic artefacts produced by the Archaic-Hellenistic workshops of Selinunte at various consumption sites
Segesta e il mondo greco coloniale attraverso lo studio delle anfore greco-occidentali da aree sacre: primi dati
Full text linkLo studio riguarda le anfore vinarie di produzione greco-occidentale provenienti da due aree sacre di età arcaica e classica di Segesta, per le quali disponiamo di dati archeologici, sinora rimasti inediti: l’area sacra sull’Acropoli Nord documentata dal cosiddetto scarico di Grotta Vanella e il santuario extraurbano di contrada Mango. I reperti anforici sono stati studiati secondo le norme del progetto FA- CEM e sono stati attribuiti a tipologie e produzioni più o meno note. Lo studio di tali reperti inediti è stato affiancato da una revisione sistematica delle anfore greco-occidentali segestane già edite, rinvenute negli scavi stratigrafici condotti negli anni Novanta del secolo scorso in alcune aree di abitato, e ha consentito di chiarire i vettori e le modalità di acquisizione di tale classe di materiali nella città elima, inserendo il fenomeno nel quadro più generale del commercio anforico della Sicilia e del Mediterraneo centro-meridionale. La contestualizzazione nell’ambito dei due santuari dei dati acquisiti ha permesso inoltre di meglio definire il ruolo nel tempo e i possibili modi di utilizzo di tali contenitori e del loro contenuto nell’ambito delle pratiche rituali, precisando alcune delle dinamiche di contatto tra Segesta e l’ambiente greco, e di interazione culturale tra Greci e ‘indigeni’ ritualizzate all’interno delle due aree sacre.This research focuses on western Greek wine amphorae found in Segesta, in two Archaic-Classical sanctuaries which have provided still unpublished archaeological data: the sacred area of the Northern Akropolis documented by the so-called Grotta Vanella dump and the extra-urban sanctuary of Contrada Mango. The amphorae fragments have been studied according to the standardised methods imple- mented for the data base of FACEM and attributed to more or less-known typologies and provenances. The study of these finds has been accompanied by a systematical review of all published western Greek amphorae yielded by the stratigraphical excavations undertaken in the 1990ties in some urban areas of Segesta. This analysis has led to a better understanding of the commercial vectors and the mecha- nisms of purchase of these vessels in the Elymian town against the background of the circulation of this class in Sicily and southern-central Mediterranean. Furthermore, the contextualisation of the new data within the frame of the two sanctuaries has allowed for a more precise and diachronic definition of the containers’ role and their contents in the ritual practices. It has also clarified certain dynamics of contact between Segesta and the Greek milieu and the cultural interaction between the Greek and the ‘Indigenous’ population, ritualised within the two sacred areas
CAMPANIAN WINE FOR PUNIC SICILY: PETROGRAPHIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF GRAECO-ITALIC AMPHORAE FROM PALERMO
Full text linkThis contribution proposes a combination of archaeological fabric analysis and petrographic research ap-plied to the study of 35 sherds of Graeco-Italic amphorae mostly found in Palermo, but also in Pantelleria and Malta (Tab. 1). The provenance identification derived from both approaches gives evidence for the arri-val, in North-Western Sicily, of presumable wine amphorae from central-Tyrrhenian Italy since the very late 4th century BC. The production of the majority of the material has been confidentially attributed to the area of the Gulf of Naples/Ischia, but a second large group originates from several, still unidentified production sites to be located along the coastal strip of Campania or Lazio. Interestingly, apart from this dominating Italian assemblage, two amphorae match the petrographic finger-print of raw materials of the Eastern Nebrodi/Calabrian-Peloritani arc. The documentation of large quantities of 3rd century-BC Tyrrhenian Graeco-Italic amphorae in Palermo together with single sherds from North-Eastern Sicily testify to the im-portance of the commercial axis connecting the Campanian production sites with the most important con-sumption areas located in Carthage‟s epikrateia in Western Sicily
The beginning of western greek amphorae production in western Sicily: archaeometric and archaeological studies on 6th–5th centuries BCE amphorae manufactured in Himera
Full text linkAbout 560 western Greek amphorae (6th–5th centuries BCE) re-used in enchytrismos burials were unearthed in the necropolis of the Dorian-Chalcidian colony of Himera in northwestern Sicily. Among the most striking issues is the determination of their geographical provenance. For this purpose, ceramic samples chipped from freshly broken surfaces of all the amphorae were first subdivided into macrofabrics by the use of a hand lens. Thereon, the samples were studied in accordance with standardized methods by the use of reflected light microscopy. Due to the special focus of our project on the characterization of Sicilian productions, a selection of amphorae which showed visible, macroscopic affinities with the majority of the macrofabrics previously attributed to the region of Himera was submitted for thin-section petrography at the polarizing microscope and chemical analyses (ICP-MS and ICP/OES). This new data set was compared with reference samples investigated by previous research, referring to ceramic raw clays of the colony’s territory and local tablewares of the Iato K480-type. Our study confirms the local manufacture of the entire selection of transport vessels. The identification of a production of western Greek wine (?) amphorae in Himera dating mainly from the third quarter of the 6th to the first quarter of the 5th century BCE breaks new grounds in view of a better interpretation of the colony’s economic development during the later archaic period. Furthermore, it underlines Himera’s prominent position within the wider frame of regional economic interaction
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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