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Good environmental governance for renewable energies: The example of Germany - lessons for China?
Get PDFGermany’s pioneering role in the field of renewable energies (RES) can best be observed by its world leading position in installed wind power and photovoltaics. Also its first European rank in the production of biofuels and installed solar thermal collector space is remarkable. These successes are not due to an exceptionally good natural resource base; mainly they are the result of an innovative national support policy. Pressure from the European and international commitments also have contributed to the German success story in RES. The current paper analyses the main factors of the German case in the development of RES, including the design elements of the national promotion instruments and support programmes, the policy impacts from the European and the international level, technical as well as cognitive conditions. In addition, a description is given of further driving forces for a successful RES development in other European countries. The paper ends with the question which of the described success factors of the German RES case might be transferable to China - and which not. --
Windenergie im Ländervergleich. Steuerungsimpulse, Akteure und technische Entwicklung in Deutschland, Dänemark, Spanien und Grossbritannien
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The Strategic value of European renewable energy promotion policy
No full textEncara falta per fer possible una transformació estratègica d'Europa del sistema d'energia, però el que és de la mateixa importància com a objectius a llarg termini de la FER i Reduccions de GEH són vinculants i forts objectius d'eficiència energètica, no només per 2020, però també per al 2030, 2040 i 2050, com aquesta força ajudaria a fixar l'augment de les energies renovables en el total d'energia consum i per reduir el total Emissions de GEH d'Europa en general, i les del sector de l'energia en particular, encara sent un dels majors emissors de gasos d'efecte hivernacle de tots els sectors. La refosa Directiva, prevista per 2011/12 ha de ser un bones finestres d'oportunitat per finalment establir objectius vinculants d'eficiència energètica, l'únic pilar que encara falta en la força energia interdependents i estratègia sobre el clima de la UE, basat en la reducció de gasos d'efecte hivernacle i i l'eficiència energètica.What finally is still missing to make possible such a strategic transformation of Europe's energy system but what is of equal importance as long term targets of RES and GHG reductions are binding and strong targets for energy efficiency, not only for 2020 but also for 2030, 2040 and 2050, as this would strongly help to fasten the increase of RES in the overall energy consumption and to bring down the total GHG emissions of Europe in general and those of the energy sector in particular, still being one of the biggest GHG emitters of all sectors. The recast of the Energy Service Directive, foreseen for 2011/12 should be a good windows of opportunity to finally establish binding energy efficiency targets, the only still missing pillar in the strongly interdependent energy and climate strategy of the EU, based on RES, GHG reductions and energy efficiency
Good environmental governance for renewable energies: The example of Germany - lessons for China?
Get PDFGermany’s pioneering role in the field of renewable energies (RES) can best be observed by its world leading position in installed wind power and photovoltaics. Also its first European rank in the production of biofuels and installed solar thermal collector space is remarkable. These successes are not due to an exceptionally good natural resource base; mainly they are the result of an innovative national support policy. Pressure from the European and international commitments also have contributed to the German success story in RES. The current paper analyses the main factors of the German case in the development of RES, including the design elements of the national promotion instruments and support programmes, the policy impacts from the European and the international level, technical as well as cognitive conditions. In addition, a description is given of further driving forces for a successful RES development in other European countries. The paper ends with the question which of the described success factors of the German RES case might be transferable to China - and which not
Die ökologische Industriepolitik Deutschlands am Beispiel der Solar- und Windindustrie : Musterschüler oder Problemkind?
No full textGood environmental governance for renewable energies - the example of Germany: lessons for China?
Get PDF"Germany's pioneering role in the field of renewable energies (RES) can best be observed
by its world leading position in installed wind power and photovoltaics. Also its
first European rank in the production of biofuels and installed solar thermal collector
space is remarkable.
These successes are not due to an exceptionally good natural resource base; mainly they
are the result of an innovative national support policy. Pressure from the European and
international commitments also have contributed to the German success story in RES.
The current paper analyses the main factors of the German case in the development of
RES, including the design elements of the national promotion instruments and support
programmes, the policy impacts from the European and the international level, technical
as well as cognitive conditions. In addition, a description is given of further driving
forces for a successful RES development in other European countries.
The paper ends with the question which of the described success factors of the German
RES case might be transferable to China - and which not." (author's abstract
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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