1,720,974 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Méthodologie pour la conception de procédés optimaux : application aux procédés de conversion de canne à sucre
No full textThe use of a systematic methodology is crucial for the design of optimal chemical processes, namely bio-processes. Multi-objective optimization of rigorous process models is therein a prime example, with extensive use in literature. This method yields a Pareto set of optimal compromise solutions, from which one optimal solution is chosen based on specific criteria. This methodology was applied, in the course of this thesis, to two studied processes. The first consisted in a distillery converting sugarcane to ethanol, combined with a sugarcane biomass combustion and power cogeneration system. The second contained an additional biomass hydrolysis system. Our first contribution deals with the construction of an organized procedure for the modeling, simulation, heat integration and equipment and capital cost estimation of chemical processes. The second contribution deals with the analysis of the optimization results through a tracking of measured variables, the fragmentation of the Pareto curve, an ordering of optimization variables, and a comparisons with literature results. The final realization deals with the selection step realized through an economic evaluation of optimal solutions for various scenarios, with the Net Present Value as the selection criterion. In conclusion, this thesis constitutes a first integral application of the said methodology. It sets, through its contributions, a stepping stone for future application in the field of chemical and biochemical processes, namely for sugarcane processesL'adoption d'une méthodologie est cruciale pour la conception de procédés chimiques optimaux. L'optimisation multi-objective de modèles rigoureux en est un exemple, jouissant d'une application extensive dans la littérature. Cette méthode retourne un ensemble de solutions, dit de Pareto, présentant un compromis optimal entre les fonctions objectives. Ceci est suivi par une étape de sélection d'une solution d'intérêt répondant à des critères définis. Cette méthodologie s'appliquait, dans le cadre de cette thèse, à deux procédés. Le premier consistait en une distillerie d'éthanol à partir de la canne à sucre, combinée à un système de cogénération et de combustion à partir de la biomasse de canne à sucre. Le deuxième contenait en plus un système d'hydrolyse enzymatique de cette biomasse. Notre première contribution traitait de la construction d'une procédure pour la modélisation, simulation, intégration thermique et évaluation du coût des équipements. La deuxième contribution traitait de l'analyse des résultats réalisée à travers un suivi de variables mesurées, une fragmentation de la courbe de Pareto, une hiérarchisation des variables de décision et une comparaison avec la littérature. La dernière contribution traitait de l'étape de sélection qui s'est réalisée à travers une évaluation économique des solutions, sous des scénarii différents, avec la Valeur Nette Présente comme critère de sélection. En conclusion, cette thèse constitue une première application intégrale de la méthodologie proposée. Elle représente, de par ses contributions, un tremplin pour des applications futures à des procédés chimiques ou biochimiques, plus spécialement pour la canne à sucr
Étude de la coopération entre les cellules dendritiques et les lymphocytes T dans les allergies aux produits chimiques et aux médicaments
No full textDrug and chemical allergy is a major public health concern. The aim of this work is to understand the interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and T-lymphocytes (LT) in allergic manifestations induced by metallic haptens (nickel and cobalt) and benzylpenicillin (BP). DCs capture the antigen, start maturation, migrate to the regional lymph node and activate hapten-specific T-cells. The latter will represent the effector cells responsible directly or not for the symptoms observed during allergic reactions. We showed that nickel induced a high ratio of interleukin (IL) IL-23 compared to IL-12p70 in DCs leading to Th17 polarization as seen in allergic patients. We also showed for the first time the production of IL-27 by nickel-activated DCs. Moreover, we showed the involvement of TLR4 and Jak-STAT pathways in IL-12 cytokine family regulation. The activation of the Jak-STAT pathway seems to maintain the IL-23/IL-12p70 balance by limiting IL-23 production and promoting Th1 polarization. Furthermore, we identified for the first time the activation of NFIL-3 in DC by nickel and cobalt, more intensely with the latter. In addition, nickel-recognizing CD4+ and CD8+ naïve T-cells repertoire was identified from the general population. These positive T-cells were shown to recognize nickel in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. We also showed that a low frequency of nickel-recognizing CD4+ naïve T-cells cross-reacted with cobalt. Simultaneously, we showed the possibility of detecting a naïve CD8+ T-cells repertoire for BP. The activation of these specific T-cells requires MHC class I molecule and proteasome. In resume, our work contributes to a better understanding of allergic reactions, on one hand, by studying the fine regulation of the IL-12 cytokines family in DCs and on the other hand, by clarifying the mechanisms of immunization against drugs and chemicals.Les allergies aux produits chimiques et aux médicaments constituent un problème majeur de santé publique. L’objectif de ce travail est de mieux comprendre l’interaction entre les cellules dendritiques (DC) et les lymphocytes T (LT) dans les allergies induites par les haptènes métalliques (nickel et cobalt) et les médicaments [benzylpénicilline (BP)]. En présence des signaux de danger, les DC acquièrent un phénotype dit « mature » et présentent l’antigène apprêté aux LT spécifiques de cet antigène. Les LT représentent les cellules effectrices responsables d’une manière directe ou non des symptômes observés lors des réactions allergiques. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons que le nickel est capable d’induire un ratio d’interleukines (IL) IL-23/IL-12p70 élevé dans les DC favorisant ainsi la polarisation Th17 qui est détectée chez la majorité des patients allergiques au nickel. Nous montrons aussi pour la première fois une production de l’IL-27 par les DC activées par le nickel. Nous avons ensuite montré l’implication du TLR4 et de la voie Jak-STAT dans la régulation des cytokines membres de la famille de l’IL-12. L’activation de la voie Jak-STAT est nécessaire pour la réponse Th1 en favorisant la production de l’IL-12p70 et en inhibant la production de l’IL-23 par les DC activées par du nickel. Par ailleurs, nous avons identifié et, pour la première fois, une activation du facteur de transcription NFIL-3, au sein des DC, par le nickel et le cobalt voire d’une manière plus intense avec ce dernier. D’autre part, nous avons mis en évidence l’existence d’un répertoire de LT naïfs CD4+ et CD8+, provenant de la population générale, spécifiques du nickel. L’activation de ces LT requiert les molécules du complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité (CMH) et ils présentent un faible taux de réactivité croisée avec le cobalt. Simultanément, nous avons mis en évidence la possibilité de détecter des LT naïfs CD8+ spécifiques de la BP. L’activation de ces LT dépend des molécules du CMH de classe I et du protéasome. D’une manière générale, notre travail contribue à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes des réactions allergiques d’une part, en montrant la fine régulation des cytokines membres de la famille de l’IL-12 dans les DC et d’autre part en élucidant les mécanismes de l’immunisation contre les molécules allergisantes
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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