1,721,066 research outputs found
Sustainable development and the fisheries sector and aquaculture in Gabon : a study of the sustainable management of fishery resources and their ecosystem in the provinces of the Estuary and Ogooué Maritime
No full textÀ l'échelle mondiale, la pêche maritime est caractérisée par une surexploitation des ressources disponibles dans les différentes pêcheries ayant des impacts très importants sur l'écosystème marin et côtier. Cette surpêche est facilitée par le progrès technique et par une demande de consommation en constante augmentation, notamment dans les pays développés. Pour faire face à cette évolution, des politiques de gestion durable de ces ressources halieutiques sont progressivement mises en place, allant des approches conventionnelles (gestion des stocks exploités) à l'approche écosystémique des pêches qui prône la réconciliation de l'exploitation durable et de la conservation de l'écosystème. Notre thèse aborde les conditions de développement d'une telle gestion durable de la pêche dans le cas précis des provinces de l'Estuaire et de l'Ogooué Maritime au Gabon. Le diagnostic établi met en évidence une exploitation désordonnée des ressources halieutiques et une détérioration générale de l'état des écosystèmes côtiers, nécessitant des mesures d'ajustement de la pression de pêche. Cependant, beaucoup de lacunes restent à combler (politique d'exploitation durable, formation des acteurs, évaluation des ressources et de l'écosystème, etc.) pour une meilleure compréhension et un suivi plus rigoureux des mutations qui affectent la durabilité des pêcheries et la vulnérabilité globale des écosystèmes côtiers. Dans ces deux provinces du Gabon, nous montrons que l'application de l'approche écosystémique des pêches, prenant la forme d'une gouvernance concertée dans le secteur des pêches et de l'aquaculture, apparaît comme une nécessité pour donner à ce secteur une place de choix dans ce pays.Globally, the maritime fishing is characterized by overexploitation of resources available in the various fisheries have major impacts on the marine and coastal ecosystems. This overfishing is facilitated by advances in technology and consumer demand steadily increasing, especially in developed countries. To cope with this development, policies for sustainable management of fisheries resources are gradually implemented, ranging from conventional approaches (management pf exploited stocks) to the fisheries ecosystem approach with promotes reconciliation and sustainable conservation of the ecosystem. Our thesis addresses the conditions for the development of such a sustainable management of fisheries in the specific case of province of the Estuary ans the Maritime Ogooué in Gabon. The diagnosis revealed a disordely exploitation of fisheries resources and a general deterioration of the state of coastal ecosystems, requiring measures to adjust fishing pressure. However, many gaps remain (sustainable policies, training of stakeholders, assessment of resources and ecosytems, etc...) for a better understanding and a more rigourous monitoring of mutations that affect the sustainability of fisheries and the overall vulnerability of coastal ecosystems. In these two provinces of Gabon, we show that the application of the ecosystem approach of fisheries, taking the form of collaborative governance in the fisheries and aquaculture appears as a necessity to give the sector a place in this country
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dynamics of collective action in short food supply chains : networks of actors and territorial configurations based on five initiatives in Nouvelle Aquitaine
No full textA partir d’un postulat qui considère les collectifs (groupes) comme acteurs du changement, la thèse a interrogé les modalités de construction et de fonctionnement des initiatives collectives en circuits agroalimentaires de proximité d’une part. Elle a d’autre part questionné la place et le rôle des collectivités territoriales dans l’émergence et la coordination de ces initiatives dans les territoires. En mobilisant «l’économie des proximités » et la « sociologie économique », l’analyse s’est appuyée sur les données qualitatives issues d’enquêtes auprès des membres de cinq initiatives en Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Les principaux résultats notre analyse sont regroupés en quatre points. Le premier point montre que l’inertie interne des collectifs étudiés repose fortement sur des réalités sociales autres que les cadres formels de régulation, la conséquence étant une coexistence des modes de gouvernance formels et informels qui s’auto-renforcent dans le temps. Plutôt que d’appréhender la place et le rôle des collectivités à partir de leurs compétences comme ce qui est fait jusqu’ici, nous avons fait le choix de donner directement la parole aux porteurs de ces initiatives. A partir de cette approche, le deuxième point montre que les collectivités bénéficient d’une perception globalement positive de la part de tous les acteurs. Ces derniers ont identifié une diversité de rôles que jouent (ou peuvent jouer) les collectivités territoriales que nous avons résumés en deux types : (i) mettre au tour d’une même table tous les acteurs gravitant autour des questions agricoles dans une perspective de gouvernance alimentaire territoriale ; (ii) soutenir financièrement les initiatives collectives afin qu’elles contribuent à structurer l’offre agricole locale pour la faire correspondre à la demande alimentaire du territoire(troisième point). Cependant, si les collectivités parviennent à jouer le premier rôle en mettant les acteurs autour de la table, le quatrième point montre qu’elles n’arrivent pas à créer de valeurs communes permettant de concilier les différentes normes et valeurs poursuivies par les initiatives collectives selon qu’elles s’inscrivent dans des modèles agricoles différents. Partant du constat que ces divergences de valeurs conduisent à des inefficacités dans les tentatives de coordination, l’une de nos recommandations pour les collectivités est de prioriser des actions permettant de concilier ces divergences, en fléchant par exemple certaines de leurs interventions.From a postulate that considers the collectives (acting as groups) as actors of change, the thesis addresses,the modalities of construction and functioning of collective initiatives in short food supply chains, on the onehand. On the other hand, this thesis addresses the place and role of local authorities in the emergence andcoordination of these initiatives in the territories. Mobilizing the "economics of proximity" and "economicsociology", the analysis was based on qualitative data from surveys of the members of five initiatives inNouvelle-Aquitaine. The main results of our analysis are summarized into four points. First, the results showthat the internal inertia of the collectives studied strongly relies on social realities other than formal regulatoryframeworks, the consequence being a coexistence of formal and informal modes of governance that are self-reinforcing over time. Rather than apprehending the place and role of local authorities on the basis of theircompetences, as has been done up to now, we have chosen to give a direct voice to those responsible forthese initiatives. Second, based on this approach, the results show that local authorities are generallyperceived positively by all stakeholders. The latter identified a variety of roles that local authorities play (orcan play), which we have summarized into two types: (i) bringing together all the stakeholders involved inagricultural issues from a territorial food governance perspective; (ii) providing financial support forcollective initiatives so that they can contribute to the structuration of the local agricultural supply to matchthe territory's food demand (third point). However, if the local authorities manage to play the first role bybringing the actors around the table, the fourth point shows that they do not manage to create common valuesthat allow the different standards and values pursued by the collective initiatives to be reconciled dependingon whether they are part of different agricultural models. Given that these divergent values lead toinefficiencies in coordination efforts, one of our recommendations for local authorities is to prioritize actionsthat reconcile these divergences, for example by targeting some of their interventions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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