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A report on the archaeological assemblages from excavations by Peter Beaumont at Canteen Koppie, Northern Cape, South Africa
No full textThis volume represents a report of excavation conducted at the site of Canteen Koppie, Barkly West, Northern Cape, South Africa. It is a straight site report describing how the work was conducted and an analysis of the lithic assemblages recovered. This report describes the lithic assemblages associated with the sedimentological column for the Canteen Koppie site. The assemblages represent the first controlled excavations in this world famous localit
Excavations in the Acheulean Levels at the Earlier Stone Age site of Canteen Koppie, Northern Province, South Africa
Get PDFThe fluvial gravels of the river Vaal in South Africa have long been known as a source for Earlier Stone Age (ESA) artefacts. Most were discovered through the open cast mining for diamonds that has left very little in situ fluvial sediment remaining today. The site of Canteen Koppie is an internationally famous location with a reputation for prolific Acheulean artefacts, especially handaxes and the enigmatic prepared core and Levallois-like technology known as Victoria West. Our understanding of this site, and most other Vaal locations, is almost solely based on highly selected artefact collections. Here, we report on the first controlled excavations ever to be conducted at Canteen Koppie. The deposits are likely to date to the Early and Middle Pleistocene, and our excavations sample the full depth of the stratigraphic sequence. The lower units, first identified in these excavations, add a considerable time depth to the Acheulean occupation of the site, making this the longest chrono-stratigraphic sequence in South Africa to our knowledge. Given the current international interest in the origins of Levallois/prepared core technology (PCT), its occurrence in Unit 2b Upper, and its presence alongside Victoria West technology in Unit 2a has significant implications for debates on the role of Victoria West in the origins of PCT. From the Canteen Koppie evidence, Levallois and Victoria West are clearly rooted in the Acheulean.RésuméOn sait depuis longtemps que les graviers fluviaux de la rivière Vaal en Afrique du Sud sont une source d'artefacts de l'âge de pierre ancien (ESA). Ils ont été découverts pour la plupart au cours de l'extraction de diamants dans des mines à ciel ouvert, ce qui fait qu'il ne reste que très peu de sédiments fluviaux in situ aujourd'hui. Le site de Canteen Koppie est un lieu célèbre dans le monde entier, réputé pour l'abondance de ses artefacts acheuléens, en particulier les bifaces et la technologie enigmatique des nucléus préparés semblable au Levallois connue sous le nom de Victoria West. Notre compréhension de ce site, et de la plupart des autres lieux du Vaal, repose presque uniquement sur des collections d'artefacts extrèmement sélectionnés. Ici, nous faisons le compte rendu des premières fouilles contrôlées jamais menées à Canteen Koppie. Les dépôts datent probablement du début et du milieu du pléistocène et nos excavations prennent des échantillons de l'ensemble de la profondeur de la séquence stratigraphique. Les unités les plus basses, identifiées pour la première fois au cours de ces fouilles, ajoutent une profondeur temporelle considérable à l'occupation acheuléenne du site, elles en font la plus longue séquence chronostratigraphique d'Afrique du Sud à notre connaissance. Etant donné l'actuel intérêt international pour les origines de la technologie Levallois/nucléus préparé (PCT), sa rencontre dans l'Unité 2b Supérieure, et sa présence à côté de la technologie Victoria West dans l'Unité 2a ont d'importantes implications pour les débats sur le rôle de Victoria West dans les origines de PCT. D'après les témoignages de Canteen Koppie,il est clair que Levallois et Victoria West ont leurs racines dans l'acheuléen.ZusammenfassungDie Schwemmkiese des Flusses Vaal in Südafrika sind seit langem als Fundort altsteinzeitlicher Artefakte bekannt. Meist wurden sie während des Diamanttagebaus gefunden, durch den heute sehr wenige Sedimente noch in situ erhalten sind. Der Fundplatz Canteen Koppie ist ein international weithin bekannter Ort, der berühmt ist für reiche Artefakte des Acheuléen, insbesondere Faustkeile und die rätselhafte, an Levallois erinnernde Kerntechnologie, die als Victoria West bekannt ist. Unser Verständnis dieses Fundplatzes, wie auch der meisten anderen Orte entlang des Vaal, basiert fast ausschließlich auf einer eng begrenzten Auswahl von Artefaktensembles. Hier berichten wir über die erste systematische Ausgrabung, die je in Canteen Koppie durchgeführt wurde. Die Schichten datieren wahrscheinlich ins Früh- und Mittelpleistozän; unsere Grabungen erfassten die gesamte Ausdehnung der stratigraphischen Abfolge. Die unteren Einheiten, die zuerst in den Grabungen identifiziert werden konnten, vergrößern die zeitliche Tiefe der Acheuléen-zeitlichen Nutzung des Ortes erheblich, wodurch dies nach unserem Wissen die längste chrono-stratigraphische Sequenz in Südafrika ist. Aufgrund des gegenwärtigen Interesses an den Ursprüngen der Levallois-Technik bzw. Technik der vorbereiteten Kerne (prepared core technology, PCT) ist ihr Auftreten in Unit 2b Upper und das Vorhandensein in Unit 2a, gemeinsam mit Victoria West-Technologie, von besonderer Bedeutung für die Diskussionen über die Rolle, die Victoria West bei der Entstehung von PCT spielt. Anhand der Beobachtungen in Canteen Koppie können wir festhalten, dass Levallois und Victoria West sicher im Acheuléen wurzeln.RésuménLas gravas fluviales del Rio Vaal en Sudáfrica han sido conocidas desde antiguo como una fuente de artefactos de la Primera Edad de Piedra (ESA en su acrónimo inglés). La mayoría han sido descubiertos al buscar diamantes al aire libre que ha dejado muy pocos sedientos fluviales in situ hoy en día. El yacimiento de Canteen Koppie es un emplazamiento internacionalmente famoso con una reputación de ser especialmente prolijo en artefactos del Achelense, especialmente hachas de mano y los enigmáticos núcleos preparados y la tecnología de estilo Levallois conocida como ‘Victoria West’. Nuestra comprensión de este yacimiento, y de la mayoría de los otros yacimientos en el Vaal, se basa casi exclusivamente en una serie de colecciones de artefactos altamente seleccionados. Este trabajo informa sobre las primeras excavaciones controladas jamás realizadas en Canteen Koppie. Los depósitos datan más probablemente al Pleistoceno Alto y Medio, y nuestra excavación cató toda la profundidad de la secuencia estratigráfica. Las capas más bajas, identificadas por primera vez en esta excavación, añaden una considerable profundidad temporal a la ocupación Achelense del yacimiento, y lo convierten, que sepamos, en la secuencia crono-estratigráfica más larga de Sudáfrica. Dado el interés internacional actual en los orígenes de la tecnología Levallois/núcleos preparados (PCT en su acrónimo inglés), su aparición en el Nivel 2b Superior, y su presencia junto con la tecnología Victoria West en el Nivel 2a tiene significativas consecuencias para los debates sobre el papel de Victoria West en los orígenes del PCT. Por lo que indica la evidencia de Canteen Koppie, las tecnologías Levallois y Victoria West están ambas claramente enraizadas en el Achelense
Beaumont (Peter), Blake (Gerald H.) et Wagstaff (J. Malcolm). — The Middle East. A Geographical Study
No full textBomer Bernard. Beaumont (Peter), Blake (Gerald H.) et Wagstaff (J. Malcolm). — The Middle East. A Geographical Study. In: Norois, n°95, Juillet-Septembre 1977. pp. 499-500
Fatigue damage mechanics of composite materials. I: Experimental measurement of damage and post-fatigue properties
No full textA new approach for modelling the post-fatigue strength and stiffness of notched fibre composite laminates has been developed. It is based on the observation of notch tip damage which can be quantified by the extent of the individual failure processes, splitting in the 0° plies and delamination between the 0° ply and off-axis plies. The notch tip damage zone grows stably under tensile cyclic loading in a self-similar manner and the size and shape of this damage zone is dependent on laminate geometry and constituent properties of the fibre, matrix and interface. The post-fatigue strength and stiffness of the laminate can be related uniquely to the split length, which defines the extent of damage growth. In this first paper in a series of four, observation is made and measurements taken of the damage growth mechanisms that make up the damage zone in carbon fibre/epoxy laminates. Radiographs are used to characterise the notch tip damage zone and to establish a qualitative relationship between post-fatigue strength (or stiffness), cyclic stress, damage size and numbers of cycles
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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