284 research outputs found
Alice Miel and Democratic Schooling: An Early Curriculum Leader\u27s Ideas on Social Learning and Social Studies
No full textAlice Miel, a nationally prominent curriculum development scholar-practitioner at Teachers College of Columbia University for some three decades (1942-1971), frequently has been overlooked in research on the nature and evolution of the curriculum field and the progressive education movement. Furthermore, her contributions have been overlooked even as attention to women in the curriculum field and in educational history has risen. This study addresses this oversight.
Miel became a leading figure in the curriculum field largely on the basis of her progressive-era advocacy and practice of democratic social learning as a primary goal of schooling in the United States. This study explores major influences on her ideas, her understandings of democratic concepts and principles, and her application of these concepts and principles both in her own college classroom and in her research on childhood education. It also explores Miel\u27s notions of the elementary school social studies :urriculum and situates those notions within the context of the conventional wisdom of her day regarding a discipline-centered curriculum.
In a broader context, this study contributes to the body of curriculum history scholarship. According to Kliebard (1992), for example, curriculum history often deals with the relationship between social change and changing ideas and contains significant social and cultural artifacts of knowledge that have become embodied in the curriculum of schools. Davis (1976, 1977) characterizes curriculum history as a reflective enterprise for curriculum workers that contributes to their understanding of present courses of study and of the professional field by lending a framework for thoughtful deliberation of what the schools should teach. With these observations in mind, Miel\u27s work may be understood as both artifact of curriculum history and as mindful reflection, situated within a particular social and historical context, on democratic meanings and processes. Biographies of Caswell, Taba, Tyler, Schwab, Kilpatrick, Rugg, Bobbitt, Zirbes, Stratemeyer, and others have yielded significant insights. In addition, Seguel\u27s study of early curriculum leaders (1966) constitutes an important theoretical contribution to the field. The study of Miel\u27s life and work adds to this body of knowledge
corpus G AUPELF-UREF
No full textTexte contenant les trois semi voyelles du françaisLes sujets ont été enregistrés dans la chambre sourde de L'ILPGA avec un magnétophone DAT
Sony DTC 690 réglé sur une fréquence d'échantillonnage de 48 KHz. Le micro (audio / Technica ATM
33A) était placé à environ 25 cm de la bouche du locuteur. Le locuteur était assis en face de
l'expérimentateur dans une situation de communication normale
Using and evaluating CASE tools : from software engineering to phenomenology
No full textCASE (Computer-Aided Systems Engineering) is a recent addition to the long line of
"silver bullets" that promise to transform information systems development, delivering
new levels of quality and productivity. CASE is particularly intriguing because
information systems (IS) practitioners spend their working lives applying information
technology (IT) to other people's work, and now they are applying it to themselves.
CASE research to date has been dominated by accounts of tool development,
normative writings (for example practitioner success stories) and surveys recording
IT specialists' perceptions. There have been very few in-depth studies of tool use,
and very few attempts to quantify benefits, therefore the essence of the CASE process
remains largely unexplored, and the views of stakeholders other than the IT specialists
have yet to be heard.
The research presented here addresses these concerns by adopting a hybrid research
approach combining action research, grounded theory and phenoinenology and using
both qualitative and quantitative data in order to tell the story of a system developer's
experience in using CASE tools in three information systems projects for a major UK
car manufacturer over a four year period. The author was the lead developer on all
three projects. Action research is a learning process, the researcher is an explorer.
At the start of this project it was assumed that the tools would be the focus of the
work. As the research progressed it became evident that the tools were but part of
a richer organisational context in which culture, politics, history, external initiatives
and cognitive limitations played important roles. The author continued to record
experiences and impressions of tool use in the project diary together with quality and
productivity metrics. But the diary also became home to a story of organisational
developments that had not originally been foreseen.
The principal contribution made by the work is to identity the narrow positivistic
nature of CASE knowledge, and to show via the research stories the overwhelming
importance of organisational context to systems development success and how the
exploration of context is poorly supported by the tools. Sixteen further contributions
are listed in the Conclusions to the thesis, including a major extension to Wynekoop
and Conger's CASE research taxonomy, an identification of the potentially
misleading nature of quantitative IS assessment and further evidence of the limitations
of the "scientific" approach to systems development.
The thesis is completed by two proposals for further work. The first seeks to
advance IS theory by developing further a number of emerging process models of IS
development. The second seeks to advance IS practice by asking the question "How
can CASE tools be used to stimulate awareness and debate about the effects of
organisational context?", and outlines a programme of research in this area
Examining the Link Between Emotional Childhood Abuse and Social Relationships in Midlife: The Moderating Role of the Oxytocin Receptor Gene
No full textabstract: The current study examined the unique influence of emotional childhood abuse on positive and negative aspects of different types of social relationships (e.g., family, spouse/partner, and friends) in midlife and whether genetic variations of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) moderated these associations. Genetic variations in OXTR are measured by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which have been the most substantially studied prospects for explaining individual differences in socio-behavioral phenotypes. Specifically, an SNP, rs53576, involving a guanine (G) to adenine (A) substitution located in the third intron of the OXTR has been associated with fundamental aspects of social processes and behaviors. Compared to A carriers, individuals homozygous for the G allele have enhanced social competencies and tend to elicit more positive responses from social partners, consequently increasing the overall quality of social relationships across the lifespan. However, the G allele of the OXTR has also been associated with greater social sensitivity. In the current study, conducted among a sample of 614 adults in midlife, it was shown that emotional childhood abuse was significantly associated with having less supportive and more strained relationships in midlife. Regarding supportive family relationships, the effect of emotional childhood abuse was moderated by the OXTR rs53576 polymorphism. Specifically, under conditions of more emotional abuse in childhood, individuals homozygous for the G allele had more supportive family relationships in midlife compared to A carriers. Overall, the findings suggest that genetic variations of OXTR rs53576 may be an important candidate in understanding the development of social relationship functioning within the context of negative early life experiences.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis Psychology 201
Investigating the Combined Effects of Alcohol Expectancies and Subjective Response on Future Drinking: An Interaction Approach
No full textabstract: Past research suggests that both Alcohol Expectancies and Subjective Response are strong predictors of drinking. However, most studies do not account for the shared variance or relations between the two. Social cognitive and expectancy theories suggest that cognitions may distort reality, creating a discrepancy between expected and subjective effects. Only one study has tested the effects of such discrepancies (Morean et al., 2015), but that study was cross-sectional, making it impossible to determine the direction of effects. As such, the present study sought to test prospective associations between expectancy-subjective response interactions and future drinking behavior. Participants (N=448) were randomly assigned to receive alcohol (target blood alcohol alcohol =.08 g%) or placebo, with 270 in the alcohol condition. Alcohol expectancies and subjective response were assessed across the full range of affective space of valence by arousal. Hierarchical regression tested whether expectancies, subjective response, and their interaction predicted follow-up drinking in 258 participants who reached a blood alcohol curve of >.06 (to differentiate blood alcohol curve limbs). Covariates included gender, age, drinking context, and baseline drinking. High arousal subjective response was tested on the ascending limb and low arousal subjective response on the descending limb. High arousal positive expectancies and subjective response interacted to predict future drinking, such that mean and low levels of high arousal positive subjective response were associated with more drinking when expectancies were higher. High arousal negative expectancies and subjective response also interacted to predict future drinking, such that high levels of high arousal negative subjective response marginally predicted more drinking when expectancies were lower. There were no interactions between low arousal positive or low arousal negative expectancies and subjective response. Results suggest that those who expected high arousal positive subjective response but did not receive many of these effects drank more, and those who did not expect to feel high arousal negative subjective response but did in fact feel these effects also drank more. The results suggest that challenging inaccurate positive expectancies and increasing awareness of true negative subjective response may be efficacious ways to reduce drinking.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis Psychology 202
Detection of mass, growth rate, and stiffness of single breast cancer cells using micromechanical sensors
No full textCancer is an intricate disease that stems from a number of different mutations in a cell. These mutations often control the cellular growth and proliferation, a hallmark of cancer, and give rise to many altered biophysical properties. There exists a complex relationship between the behavior of a cell, its physical properties, and its surrounding environment. Knowledge gleaned from cellular biomechanics can lead to an improved understanding of disease progression and provide methods to target it. There are many studies that look at biophysical changes on a large population level, though there is much information that is lost by treating populations as homogeneous in properties and cell cycle phase. Biophysical studies on individual cells can link mechanics with function through coordination with the cell cycle, which is a fundamental physiological process that is crucial for understanding cellular physiology and metabolism. Development of more precise, reliable, and versatile measurement techniques will provide a greater understanding the physical properties of a cell and how they affect its behavior. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology can provide tools for manipulating, processing, and analyzing single cells, thus enabling detailed analyses of their biophysical properties.
Growth is a vital element of the cell cycle, and cell mass homeostasis ensures that the cell mass and cell cycle transitions are coordinately linked. An accurate measurement of growth throughout the cell cycle is fundamental to understanding mechanisms of cellular proliferation in cancer. Growth can be identified through many ways; however, cell mass has been unexplored until the recent development of cantilever-type MEMS devices for mass sensing through resonant frequency shift. Measuring the dependency of growth rate on cellular mass may help explain the coordination and regulation of the cell cycle. However, MEMS mass sensing devices still require further development and characterization in order to reliably investigate long-term cell growth over the duration of the cell cycle.
This dissertation focuses on the use of MEMS resonant pedestal sensors for measuring the mass and growth rate of single cancer cells. This work included characterization and improvement of the sensors to address current challenges in the measurement of long-term growth rate. The MEMS resonant pedestal sensors were first used to measure physical properties of biomaterials, including the micromechanical properties of hydrogels through verification of stiffness effect on mass measurements. Before studying live cells, modifications to the fabrication process were introduced to improve cell capture and retention. These include integration of an on-chip microfluidic system for delivery of fluids during mass measurements and the micro-patterning of sensor surfaces for select functionalization and passivation. These modifications enable long-term measurement of the changes in mass of normal and cancerous cells over time. This is the first investigation of the differences in growth rate between normal and cancer cells using MEMS resonant sensors.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2013-10-22T15:19:29Z
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Obstacles on the path: An exposition of the experience of car-free living
No full textThe contemporary focus by local and central government on the promotion of sustainable transport options has highlighted the need for commuting to move away from the current dependence on private cars to more public and active (walking and cycling) modes of transport. Given the prominence of the motor car in personal transport options however, choosing to live car-free in this car dependent culture appears at first glance to be an irrational choice. This research explores the lived experiences of a group of Hamilton residents who have made such a choice. Using a grounded theory approach, the thesis presents the results of interviews with nine car-free Hamilton residents who shared their personal transport stories, which include their childhood experiences, but focus on their current everyday practices and experiences. Through semi-structured interviews, the costs and benefits of a car-free lifestyle are articulated and analysed. Their motivations for choosing to forgo cars and their solutions for overcoming potential barriers to car-free living are also reported and explored. The collected data generated a range of themes which are presented in three chapters, each covering a specific aspect of the participants’ stories. The first group of themes relate to the public sphere, the second to the private realm and the final group emanates from specific elements of car-free living that the thesis sought to clarify through the participants’ stories. The key finding is that living car-free within Hamilton City is viewed by the participants as a well reasoned and eminently sensible choice, which produces multiple benefits. In addition to their reduced environmental footprints, the participants value the social interaction associated with active and public transport. Their consensus is that they are healthier, wealthier and more involved members of the community. The most problematic areas of living without a car were associated with recreational and social activities, which often do not coincide with public transport schedules or involve distances too great for active transport. The benefits far outweigh any disadvantages however, and ultimately, this thesis concludes that a motor car is not necessary for the everyday activities of urban living in Hamilton and any associated inconveniences are not as insurmountable as generally imagined
Water, Sanitation and the Modern City: Colonial and Post-colonial Experiences in Lagos and Mumbai
No full texthuman development, water, sanitation
Multi-Rotor Hexicopter
No full textThe Multi-Rotor Hexicopter is an original design for an eighteen motor, hydrogen fuel cell powered drone. After initial success with the hydrogen fuel cell powered drone created by previous students, our goal was take their success and create a much larger drone that could be controlled both from the ground and in the air. Our design was based on a drone created by the company Lift Aircraft. The drone is separated into four components that were designed in Autodesk Inventor. The bottom, known as the sled, is used for the storage of the two hydrogen fuel tanks. The second section, above the sled, holds the two 2.2 kW hydrogen fuel cells. The third section is the cockpit where the drone will be controlled by the pilot and contains the controller and display module. Lastly, the top is where eighteen 40 pound thrust motors are located along with eighteen 18.5 volt batteries. The Hexicopter was designed to be built out of aluminum or titanium tubing and the shell to be overlaid with carbon fiber sheathing. The batteries are positioned below the motors and are used to take the drone off and land it. After takeoff, the hydrogen fuel cells are switched on in order to increase flight time substantially. The goal of this senior design project was to create a design and find the components needed to build the drone with the intention of handing construction over to a group of both electrical and mechanical engineers
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