919 research outputs found
The Salvadoran Willie Horton: MS-13, electoral politics, and racialized fear mongering
No full textPeer reviewe
Conceptual and empirical obstacles in defining MS-13: law-enforcement perspectives
No full textResearch Summary
Past and present gang scholarship is marked by debate as to the appropriate criteria for defining gangs and gang membership. Mara Salvatrucha, or MS-13, highlights some obstacles in conceptualizing gangs and operationalizing gang membership. Although MS-13 has generated attention in recent years, little systematic criminological research exists on the gang. Drawing on in-depth interviews and surveys of law-enforcement gang experts, we link longstanding issues of gang definition and measurement to MS-13 in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.
Policy Implications
Gang and immigration enforcement are inextricably linked in the case of MS-13. The ambiguous, contested, and varied means by which gangs are defined and labeled may result in the overpolicing and overcriminalization of young immigrants of color and youth of color in general. Beyond unsubstantiated police stops, arrests, convictions, and gang enhancements, such labeling practices may lead to collateral immigration consequences including deportation and permanent bars to reentry into the United States.Peer reviewe
[Review of] Presumed criminal: Black youth and the justice system in postwar New York, by Carl Suddler
No full textThe common law tradition and prescriptive philosophy of parens patriae is an underlying justification for juvenile justice systems in the United States. Under this framework, the sovereign is the “father figure” charged with caring for its subjects, which include accounting for poor, destitute, and otherwise guardian-less children. These paternalistic values are found both within and beyond juvenile justice contexts. Consistent with the early origins of institutional corrections in the United States, these rehabilitative and redemptionist frameworks were created by white people to account for the wayward or deviant souls of other white subjects. In Presumed Criminal – Black Youth and the Justice System in Postwar New York, Carl Suddler (2019) empirically documents how black youth in New York City were never subject to an ethos of care or rehabilitation that ostensibly dominated the foundational purpose of juvenile justice institutions. Instead, “black youths faced a more punitive justice system by the post-war era that restricted their social mobility and categorically branded them as criminal – a stigma they continue to endure” (p. 5). The text contributes to carceral studies by showing how black youth were historically criminalized in Harlem, and how the events in New York City can help us understand unresolved conflicts and contradictions in race, criminalization, and justice policy
The future of software engineering / Sebastian Nanz, editor.
No full textIncludes author index.Book Fair 2013.184 p.
Does the Current Account Matter?
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to investigate in detail the behavior of the current account in emerging economies, and in particular its role if any in financial crises. Models of current account behavior are reviewed, and a dynamic model of current account sustainability is developed. The empirical analysis is based on a massive data set that covers over 120 countries during more than 25 years. Important controversies related to the current account including the extent to which current account deficits help predict currency crises are also analyzed. Throughout the paper I am interested in analyzing whether there is evidence supporting the idea that there are costs involved in running 'very large' deficits. Moreover, I investigate the nature of these potential costs, including whether they are particularly high in the presence of other type of imbalances.
Politically incorrect, Scenarii pentru o Românie posibilă, Vasile Sebastian Dâncu, Ediția a III-a, Editura Şcoala Ardeleană, Cluj-Napoca, 2017, 378 p.: Politically incorrect, Scenarios for an attainable Romania
No full textThe author Vasile Sebastian Dâncu captures in his book the archetype of the 21st century Romanian, a lonely individual, alienated and unmotivated to participate in the making of a destiny. The author notes the stage of disjunction in which we find ourselves as Romanians on the road to social anomie, with a starting point with the alienation of the ties between the individual and the community. Main cause of destruction effects of the autochthonous self comes from the identity falsifying in the virtual environment, a global phenomenon that has reached Romania, especially the young generations, spiritually unprepared to face it. The psychoanalytic observations made in the book help the reader become aware of his own reality, of his own world in which he slips into an unconsciously. The exhortation of the author is the neverdying hope and that is in the hands and hearts of all, starting with the readers who are invited to browse and become aware through the pages that even under the darkest painting, Romania will survive. His message is optimistic, showing that it all starts with us and those who believe in the project of a nation tried by suffering, a people whose happiness must return home
Heroyda ouidiana: Dido a Eneas : con parafrasis española, y morales reparos/ ilustrada por Sebastian de Alvarado, y Alvear...
No full textPort. con viñeta xil.Inic. grab.Viñetas xil. en p. 12 y 334Anot. ms. en port.: "Su verdadero author el P. Sebastian Matienzo, tio del que està aqui puesto" (Vid. además Ribadeneira: Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Iesu, p. 736)Enc. Perg.Sign.: [ ]4, â4, ê2, A-Z4, Aa-Tt4, Vv
A Comparison of Hybrid and End-to-End Models for Syllable Recognition
No full textThis paper presents a comparison of a traditional hybrid speech recognition system (kaldi using WFST and TDNN with lattice-free MMI) and a lexicon-free end-to-end (TensorFlow implementation of multi-layer LSTM with CTC training) models for German syllable recognition on the Verbmobil corpus. The results show that explicitly modeling prior knowledge is still valuable in building recognition systems. With a strong language model (LM) based on syllables, the structured approach significantly outperforms the end-to-end model. The best word error rate (WER) regarding syllables was achieved using kaldi with a 4-gram LM, modeling all syllables observed in the training set. It achieved 10.0% WER w.r.t. the syllables, compared to the end-to-end approach where the best WER was 27.53%. The work presented here has implications for building future recognition systems that operate independent of a large vocabulary, as typically used in a tasks such as recognition of syllabic or agglutinative languages, out-of-vocabulary techniques, keyword search indexing and medical speech processing
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