1,721,128 research outputs found
Theorizing participatory governance in contexts of legal pluralism: a conceptual reconnaissance of fishing conflicts and their resolution
No full textMany coastal fisheries, including those of South Asia and South Africa, are characterised by high levels of social conflict, environmental deterioration and fragmented governance. The REINCORPFISH research project analyses the conflicts occurring in the fisheries of these two regions and promotes a governance process that recognises the existence of (a) multiple actors, and (b) legal pluralism. More impor-tantly, it strives to further a governance style that does justice to fisher interests and builds from the bottom up. The present chapter provides a conceptual framework for analyzing such processes within the context of interactive governance theory (Kooiman 2003; Kooiman et al. 2005). The starting point is the perspective of collective action that explains why and how individuals and groups, who rely heavily on specific natural resources, develop autonomous institutions for their management. Legal pluralism and political ecology theories provide tools for analyzing the roles and conflicting interests of other institutional actors, such as state agencies, in resource management, and the -positive and negative - interactions between various legal systems. The resulting frame-work is applied to investigate and compare the nature of fishery conflicts across the two regions and identify, from a theoretical perspective, the bottlenecks and chances for effective, participatory governance
Theorizing Governability – The Interactive Governance Perspective
No full textThis chapter presents the conceptual foundations of governability and interactive governance upon which it is based. Interactive governance is a theoretical perspective that emphasizes the governing roles of state, market and civil society. Interactions between these realms are argued to be an important factor in the success or failure of whatever governance takes place. Governability refers to the quality of governance in a societal field, such as fisheries. Diversity, complexity, dynamics and scale are argued to be major variables influencing the governability of societal systems and their three components: a system-to-be-governed, a governing system and a system of governing interactions mediating between the two
Applying the Governability Concept in Fisheries – Explorations from South Asia
No full textThis chapter investigates the variations in governability that occur in fisheries systems. It builds upon the notion that diversity, complexity, dynamics, and scale affect the performance of societal systems profoundly, and that these effects emerge at the level of their three components. Variations in the governability of systems-to-be-governed are examined through a chain approach. Theories of legal pluralism, institutional nestedness and adaptability are subsequently applied to assess the governability of governing systems. Finally, governing interactions are considered through the lens of three ideal-typical modes - self-governance, hierarchical governance and co-governance. The many variations of governability are illustrated with cases from the capture fisheries of South India. The central message is that connections between the components of a fisheries system matter and that a better match may result in higher levels of governability
South Indian Trawl Fisheries – Assessing Their Governability
No full textAs governance occurs through interaction between governors and the governed, an investigation of the conditions that facilitate ‘better’ interaction, and improve governability, is worthwhile. We argue on the basis of the interactive governance approach that one such condition is a proper match between the system-to-be-governed and the governing system. This match is conceptualized as having two dimensions: architectural compatibility and attunement. The possibilities of this assessment approach are studied in the context of the trawl fisheries in the Palk Bay, South India. The trawl fleet in this region developed rapidly since the 1960s, and has engaged in lively conflicts with small-scale fisheries on the Indian, and more recently on the Sri Lankan side of the Bay. The non-synchronization of fishing areas with administrative boundaries constitutes an important governance challenge, as is environmental pressure
Small-Scale Fisheries Take Centre-Stage in Europe (Once Again)
No full textSmall-scale fisheries in Europe have historically rarely received the attention they deserve. Fishery scholars and policy makers worldwide have until recentlypaid scant attention to the diversity of the fisheries sector, or to the existence of smallscale fleets and their fishing communities. For far too long, small-scale fishing activity has been obscured by a focus on medium or large-scale fleets, idealised as being more modern, technologically advanced and more profitable. However, resource crises in some fisheries and increasing concerns about unsustainable practices and subsidies have put small-scale fisheries in Europe, and beyond, centre stage once again. This chapter introduces 25 country studies about small-scale fisheries in Europe, written by authors from different academic fields as well as by practitioners. Here, we provide insights into the backgrounds of small-scale fisheries in Europe, linking them to prevailing policy approaches, such as the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). We argue that small-scale fisheries in Europe are diverse, complex and dynamic, and show various levels of resilience. The evidence collected in this book will help people to understand the range of challenges small-scale fisheries face and how these might be overcome
Small-Scale Fisheries in Europe: Challenges and Opportunities
No full textSmall-scale fisheries play a major role in Europe, employing large numbers of people, shaping the socio-economic life of coastal communities, and providing fresh, high-quality seafood to local, regional, national and international markets.This chapter synthesises findings from the 25 country chapters in this volume,bringing together key lessons regarding the nature of European small-scale fisheries and their national contexts. It focuses on the socio-economic characteristics, governance arrangements, markets, interactions with other coastal activities, and the challenges encountered by small-scale fisheries. Finally, it reflects on the future of small-scale fisheries in Europe and concludes that, although this sector has faced hard times, there are now significant policy trends in its favour
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