1,720,967 research outputs found
Study of the modulatory mechanisms of cationic channel TRPM8 and of their implications in sensory and prostate pathophysiologies
No full textLe canal TRPM8 a été mis en évidence en tant que récepteur au froid au sein des neurones sensoriels des ganglions rachidiens dorsaux (DRG) et trigéminaux. Il est activé par le froid (<28°C) ainsi que par des molécules au pouvoir réfrigérant (menthol, iciline ou eucalyptol). Au niveau périphérique, ce canal est détecté, en outre, au niveau des cellules épithéliales prostatiques saines et cancéreuses. Si plusieurs travaux se sont attachés à déterminer ses modes d’activation, au début de cette thèse, aucune équipe ne s’était intéressée à rechercher des modulateurs physiologiques de ce canal, autres que le froid, aussi bien au niveau sensoriel que prostatique. Partant du constat que la thermosensation se voit altérée au cours de certaines situations physiologique (stress, traitements hormonaux, âge et sexe), nous avons étudié une possible régulation de ce récepteur au froid par les voies de signalisation empruntées par certains neuromodulateurs et hormones.Nos résultats mettent en évidence trois nouvelles voies de régulation de TRPM8 mettant en jeu les androgènes, les agonistes des récepteurs muscariniques et alpha2A adrénergiques. Nos données se confirment au sein des cellules épithéliales prostatiques et des neurones sensoriels. Ces travaux nous permettent d’avancer une possible explication des variabilités inter-individuelles ainsi que des différences due l’âge, au sexe ou face à des situations de stress vis-à-vis de la perception du froid. Enfin, nos résultats nous permettent également de proposer des pistes pour l’établissement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques pour des pathologies associant le canal TRPM8 telles que l’allodynie au froid et le cancer de la prostate.TRPM8 is known as a cold receptor expressed in the subset of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal (TG) sensory neurons which are activated by cooling temperatures (<28°C) or by chemical imitators of cooling sensation (menthol, icilin and eucalyptol). While screening for a new marker of prostate carcinoma, Larisa Tsavaler et al. detected TRPM8 channel expression in normal and cancer prostate epithelial cells. Expression of trpm8 gene is androgeno-dependent and change during cancer development. Even though many studies investigated the role of TRPM8 as a cold receptor and described its activation mechanisms, at the beginning of this work no research team had published any information about TRPM8 physiological modulators other than cold, be it in prostate or sensory neurons. Since several works reported modifications of thermosensation during physiological situations such as stress, hormonal therapy, age and gender, we investigated a possible regulation of the cold receptor by neuromodulators, hormones and their signalization pathways. Our results demonstrate three new regulatory mechanisms for TRPM8 involving respectively a new non genomic androgenic, a muscarinic or an alpha2A adrenergic receptors pathway.Our data are confirmed in two physiological models, epithelial prostate cells and dorsal root ganglia neurons. This work leads us to propose a possible explanation for variations which could be accounted for during stress, gender, as well as inter- and intra-individual disparity in thermosensation. Finally, our results could help establishing new therapeutic strategies for pathologies involving TRPM8 such as cold allodynia and prostate cancer
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
