1,721,252 research outputs found
Digital mammography: current state and future aspects
No full textThe introduction of digital technique in mammography has been the last step in completing the process of digitalization in diagnostic imaging. Meanwhile, some different digital techniques as well as a couple of different digital mammography systems were developed and have already been available for some years. In this review article, the relevant data of key studies are reported, the current status is defined, and perspectives of digital mammography are described
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Computer-aided detection in direct digital full-field mammography: initial results
No full textFor the first time, fullfield digital mammography (FFDM) allows computer-aided detection (CAD) analysis of directly acquired digital image data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a CAD system in patients with histologically correlated breast cancer depicted with FFDM. Sixty-three cases of histologically proven breast cancer detected with FFDM (Senographe 2000D, GE Medical Systems, Buc, France) were analyzed using a CAD system (Image Checker V2.3, R2 Technology, Los Altos, Calif.). Fourteen of these malignancies were characterized as microcalcifications, 37 as masses, and 12 as both. The mammographic findings were categorized as BI-RADS 3 (n=5), BI-RADS 4 (n=17) and BI-RADS 5 (n=40). The sensitivity for malignant lesions and the rate of false-positive marks per image were calculated. The sensitivity and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. The sensitivity of the CAD R2 system in breast cancer seen on FFDM was 89% for microcalcifications [CI95%=(70%; 98%)] and 81% for masses [CI95%=(67%; 91%)]. As expected, the detection rate was higher in lesions categorized as BI-RADS 5 (37 of 40) compared with lesions categorized as BI-RADS 4 (11 of 17). In the group categorized as BI-RADS 3 the detection rate was 4 of 5 lesions; however, this group was very small. The rate of false-positive marks was 0.35 microcalcification marks/image and 0.26 mass marks/image. The overall rate of false-positive marks was 0.61 per image. CAD based on FFDM provides an optimized work flow. Results are equivalent to the results reported for CAD analysis of secondarily digitized image data. Sensitivity for microcalcifications is acceptable and for masses is low. The number of false-positive marks per image should be reduced
Artifacts of vascular stents in 3D MR angiography: experimental studies.
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this phantom study was to evaluate the visualization of vascular stents by using contrast-enhanced (CE) 3D MR angiography (MRA). Methods: The measurements were performed on a Magnetom Vision operating at 1.5 T with 25 mT/m gradients by using a head coil; a 3D FISP sequence (TR/TE/FA 4.6 ms/1.8 ms/30 degrees) was used. A phantom was designed with a length of 20 cm and consisted of a plastic cylinder filled with hydrogel. Tubes were used to install 7 different stents (Strecker, Boston Scientific; Cragg, Mintec; Walt, Schneider; Memotherm, Angiomed; St-Come, Trigon-MTS; Sinus, Optimed: Palmaz, Johnson & Johnson) with different metal components. The tubes were perfused with a solution of water and Gd-DTPA. Four radiologists evaluated the image quality. The measurements of the endoluminal stent diameters were compared with the findings obtained by digital subtraction angiography. The signal intensities were measured before (inflow), within (stent) and after (outflow) the different stent types. Results: The endoluminal diameter of the Cragg stent and the strecker graft were easily detectable. The signal loss within the lumen of the Wall stent was approx. 10% in relation to the inflow and outflow measurements. The result was an only slightly reduced image quality. The other grafts (St-Come, Sinus, Palmaz, Memotherm) showed significant signal losses ranging From 65% to 96%. A correct diagnosis was not possible within these graft lumina. Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced MR angiography can be used to evaluate vascular stents. A prerequisite is the application of particular commercially available grafts
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