1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Versuch der Genexpressionsanalyse des nicht-selektiven Kationenkanals TRPC6 in der menschlichen Lunge
Full text linkEinleitung und Zielsetzung: Transient Receptor Potential- Kanäle stellen nicht-selektive Kationenkanäle dar, die sieben Unterfamilien umfassen. Darunter stellt TRPC6 eine Unterfamilie dar. TRPC6 bildet einen homo- oder heterotetrameren, nicht-selektiven Kationenkanal, der insbesondere eine hohe Permeabilität für Calciumionen aufweist. Er ist in zahlreichen Geweben nachweisbar, unter anderem in der Niere, dem Herz, dem Gehirn, der Plazenta, der Muskulatur und der Lunge. Seine Bedeutung zeigt sich nicht nur in physiologischen Prozessen, sondern auch im Kontext pathologischer Veränderungen. So wird TRPC6 zum Beispiel mit glomerulären und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Tumorprogression sowie fibrotischen Umbauprozessen in Verbindung gebracht. In der Lunge konnte TRPC6 unter anderem mit hypoxischer Vasokonstriktion, pulmonaler Hypertonie, der chronisch- obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung, pulmonaler Fibrose und dem Ischämie- reperfusionsbedingten Lungenödem in Verbindung gebracht werden. Trotz dieser klinischen Relevanz ist die Verteilung von TRPC6 in der Lunge bislang nur unvollständig charakterisiert. Frühere Studien konnten zwar die TRPC6-mRNA im Lungengewebe und teils in spezifischen pulmonalen Strukturen nachweisen, ließen jedoch offen, aus welchen anatomischen Regionen das Material stammte. Vor diesem Hintergrund widmet sich die vorliegende Arbeit der systematischen Analyse der TRPC6-mRNA-Expression in verschiedenen Bereichen der menschlichen Lunge. Ziel ist es, die Expression und die Verteilung von TRPC6 im Ober- und Unterlappen zu untersuchen, um Erkenntnisse über mögliche topografischen Expressionsunterschiede zu gewinnen. Darüber hinaus soll untersucht werden, ob sich TRPC6-mRNA in spezifischen pulmonalen Gewebestrukturen, wie beispielsweise Bronchiolen, innerhalb dieser Lungenareale nachweisen lässt. Methodik: Es wurden insgesamt sechs Gewebeproben aus den Ober- und Unterlappen von drei Körperspendern entnommen. Um einen allgemeinen Nachweis der TRPC6-mRNA in beiden Lungenlappen zu erbringen, wurde ein Teil der Proben direkt einer Genexpressionsanalyse unterzogen. Der andere Teil der Gewebeproben wurde für die Anfertigung von Einfach- und Mehrfachkryoschnitten verwendet, um erneut eine Genexpressionsanalyse durchzuführen. Zunächst war das Ziel, die minimale Schnittanzahl zu bestimmen, bei der TRPC6-mRNA noch nachweisbar ist. Zusätzlich sollten topografische Unterschiede in der Genexpression untersucht werden. Zur histomorphologischen Darstellung der Gewebeproben wurden Kryoschnitte angefertigt, die einer Hämatoxylin-Eosin-Färbung unterzogen wurden. Nachdem der Nachweis erbracht worden war, dass TRPC6-mRNA bis zu einem einzelnen
Kryoschnitt nachweisbar ist, wurden weitere Kryoschnitte für die laserbasierte Mikrodissektion angefertigt. Nachfolgend sollten spezifische pulmonale Gewebestrukturen am Mikroskop identifiziert, mit dem Laser umfahren und anschließend erneut eine Genexpressionsanalyse durchgeführt werden. Ergebnisse und Ausblick:
TRPC6-mRNA konnte in allen Gewebeproben nachgewiesen werden, selbst aus minimalem Ausgangsmaterial bis hin zu einem einzelnen Kryoschnitt. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine tendenziell höhere TRPC6-Expression im Oberlappen hin, was auf ein lappenspezifisches Expressionsmuster schließen lassen könnte. Diese Beobachtung könnte pathophysiologisch mit der bevorzugten Beteiligung des Oberlappens bei der chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung sowie weiteren lappenspezifischen Lungenerkrankungen in Zusammenhang stehen. Die laserbasierte Mikrodissektion konnte in dieser Arbeit nicht erfolgreich umgesetzt werden, was möglicherweise auf technische Limitierungen wie übermäßige Schnittdicken, verbliebene Einbettmediumreste und das Fehlen einer kontrastverstärkenden Färbung zurückzuführen ist. Dennoch legen die erzielten Nachweise nahe, dass eine TRPC6-Analyse in mikroskopisch kleinen Lungenstrukturen möglich ist. Weiterführende, systematische Untersuchungen mit optimierter Gewebeaufbereitung und größerem Probenumfang sind erforderlich, um das lappenspezifische Verteilungsmuster zu validieren, dessen funktionelle Bedeutung zu evaluieren und TRPC6 als möglichen diagnostischen Marker oder als therapeutischen Ziel weiter zu untersuchen.Introduction and objectives: Transient Receptor Potential Channels are non-selective cation channels that comprise seven subfamilies. TRPC6 is one of these subfamilies. TRPC6 forms a homo- or heterotetrameric, non- selective cation channel with a high permeability for calcium ions. It can be detected in numerous tissues, including the kidney, heart, brain, placenta, muscles and lungs. Its importance is not only evident in physiological processes, but also in the context of pathological changes. For example, TRPC6 is associated with glomerular and cardiovascular diseases, tumour progression and fibrotic remodelling processes. In the lungs, TRPC6 has been associated with hypoxic vasoconstriction, pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis and ischaemia-reperfusion- induced pulmonary oedema. Despite this clinical relevance, the distribution of TRPC6 in the lungs has so far only been incompletely characterised. Earlier studies were able to detect TRPC6 mRNA in lung tissue and in some cases in specific pulmonary structures, but left open the anatomical regions from which the material originated. Against this background, the present study is dedicated to the systematic analysis of TRPC6 mRNA expression in different areas of the human lung. The aim is to analyse the expression and distribution of TRPC6 in the upper and lower lobes in order to gain insights into possible topographical differences in expression. In addition, it will be investigated whether TRPC6 mRNA can be detected in specific pulmonary tissue structures, such as bronchioles, within these lung areas. Methodology:
A total of six tissue samples were taken from the upper and lower lobes of three body donors. In order to provide a general detection of TRPC6 mRNA in both lobes, a portion of the samples were directly subjected to gene expression analysis. The other part of the tissue samples was used for the preparation of single and multiple cryosections to perform gene expression analysis again. The initial aim was to determine the minimum number of sections at which TRPC6 mRNA is still detectable. In addition, topographical differences in gene expression were to be analysed. For histomorphological visualisation of the tissue samples, cryosections were prepared and subjected to haematoxylin-eosin staining. Once it had been demonstrated that TRPC6 mRNA was detectable up to a single cryosection, further cryosections were prepared for laser-based microdissection. Subsequently, specific pulmonary tissue structures were to be identified under the microscope, circled with the laser and then gene expression analysis was to be performed again. Results and outlook: TRPC6 mRNA could be detected in all tissue samples, even from minimal starting material up to a single cryosection. The results indicate a tendency towards higher TRPC6 expression in the upper lobe, which could suggest a lobe-specific expression pattern. This observation could be pathophysiologically related to the preferential involvement of the upper lobe in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other lobe-specific lung diseases. Laser-based microdissection could not be successfully implemented in this work, possibly due to technical limitations such as excessive section thicknesses, residual embedding medium and the lack of contrast-enhancing staining. Nevertheless, the evidence obtained suggests that TRPC6 analysis is possible in microscopically small lung structures. Further systematic studies with optimised tissue preparation and larger sample size are required to validate the lobe-specific distribution pattern, evaluate its functional significance and further investigate TRPC6 as a potential diagnostic marker or therapeutic target
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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