1,720,986 research outputs found
Replication Data to "Strategic Communication in Dictatorships: Performance, Patriotism, and Intimidation"
No full textResearch shows that dictators’ public rhetoric shapes both elite and mass opinion and
behavior. However, the determinants of dictators’ strategic communication remain
undertheorized and underresearched. Theoretically, we argue that: i) dictators primarily
use three key communication strategies ( “performance” and “patriotism,” which
serve to boost legitimacy, and “intimidation,” meant to deter opponents); ii) they substitute between them depending on the situational context. Empirically, we introduce a novel corpus of post-Soviet leaders’ legislative addresses, and then, employing semisupervised text analysis, test our argument. We find that autocrats legitimize themselves as performance-focused leaders during economic upturns, emphasize patriotism during elections, and turn to the rhetoric of intimidation when facing protests and sanctions. We further validate our theory using a global set of authoritarian speeches, in a different language. The findings support but also contest some established assumptions regarding how and when dictators’ communication changes
Nationalism, rivalry, and revisionist state behavior. A new theory and empirics in the post-WWII era
Full text linkDrawing on theories of nationalism and interstate rivalry, the thesis develops a newtheory of nationalistic rivalry, i.e., a specific type of rivalry where dispute-prone states perceive each other as threatening and competing enemies due to a nationalist issue. Building on original data of nationalistic-rivalry dyads from 1946-2001, the thesis examines the validity of nationalistic rivalry theory through the combination of large-N statistical analysis and small-N case studies. It finds that nationalistic rivalry significantly increases the probability of revisionist foreign policy, and thwarts the effect of well-known conflict-mitigating factors.
The literature has found that nationalism is a major cause of conflict. However, it is little known whether nationalism in the context of interstate politics increases revisionist state behavior specifically. While revisionist states have often been nationalistic (e.g., Imperial Japan or Milosevic Serbia), nationalism is not always revisionistic (e.g., the UK at the time of the Falklands War). What conditions cause nationalism to be a force of revisionist behavior?
The thesis answers this question by explaining how nationalist politics could lead the state specifically to revisionist behavior. The major findings of the thesis are: (1) an ethnically heterogeneous society, political instability, and incongruence between ethnonational and state boundaries raise the likelihood of nationalistic rivalry; (2) nationalistic rivalry disproportionately increases revisionist behavior through the nationalist mobilization of society, in contrast to other rivalries and non-rivalries; (3) nationalism motivated by transborder ethnic groups is more revisionist-prone than nationalism framed by territorial statehood, only in dyads where the former targets the latter; (4) nuclear deterrence does not reduce the probability of revisionist war within nationalistic rivalry contrary to conventional nuclear deterrence theory; and (5) joint democracy, economic interdependence, and intergovernmental organizations do not decrease revisionist behavior within nationalistic rivalry
The political economy of EU interregionalism
Full text linkThis thesis examines EU trade policy within the context of the relationships which the EU has established with regional organizations in other parts of the world. For many years these interregional relationships have served as mechanisms through which the EU has attempted to achieve broad political and economic cooperation. Until quite recently, however, the issue of reciprocal trade liberalization was not on the interregional agenda in the majority of cases as the EU prioritized multilateralism within the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
Since 2006 in particular, however, the EU has implemented a new approach to trade policy which has involved Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) negotiations being launched with several other regional organizations. This thesis aims to account for this change in approach. I argue that the EU pursuit of PTAs at the interregional level can be explained by the lack of progress which has taken place within multilateral negotiations in conjunction with the increasing spread of PTAs concluded by other major economies.
Despite much initial optimism regarding the potential for interregional PTAs, however, few have been successfully concluded. I find that the increasing divergence of preferences among potentially affected domestic interest groups in developed and developing countries which has hindered multilateral agreement in recent years has also served to obstruct the conclusion of interregional PTAs in the majority of cases. The EU, in line with its new competitiveness driven approach to trade policy, has therefore increasingly resorted to bilateral PTA negotiations in order to advance the liberalization agenda. The puzzle is that this has occurred in some cases but not in others.
I find that the decision to switch from an interregional to a bilateral approach to trade negotiations in certain cases has closely correlated with the observable expressed preferences of influential business and industry associations within the EU. As such I argue that EU interregional trade policy must be examined within the context of both challenges and opportunities presented by the global economy as well as the preferences of organized domestic interest groups.
This thesis presents a comparative case study analysis of the EU’s relationships with four different regional groups – the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN), the Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur), and Central America. The major aims of the study are to account for the decision to launch PTA negotiations at the interregional level, the low rate of success which has been achieved, and the decision to commence bilateral negotiations in place of an interregional approach in certain cases
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Politics, path dependence and public goods: the case of international container ports
Full text linkGlobalisation, in the liberal paradigm, implies a trend towards common practices in political, cultural, and economic activities. Scholars disagree on whether we are observing the evolution of an international society, albeit richly diverse, or resilience in nationalist ideas that result in significantly diverse units within an international system. This thesis approaches this broad question from a comparative political economy perspective focussed on a segment of the international maritime trade market.
Amidst the political rhetoric of „selling the family silver‟ and „loss of sovereignty‟ to the market there are observable policy differences across nations, between sectors and between levels of the economy. The differences are also observable over time. Container ports are uniquely suited to understand the comparative political economy of policy change because they are at the intersection between the international forces of globalisation pulling one way, and the domestic forces such as labour offering resistance. I employ statistical methods on original time series cross section data complemented by comparative case studies for the United Kingdom, Indonesia, and South Africa.
The propositions, supported by the quantitative and qualitative evidence, are that domestic politics still has significant influence on international container port policy outcomes; that dock labour will resist, modify, and delay policy shifts; and policy outcomes are path dependent that cluster around regional norms of behaviour.
The thesis contributes to the literature by way of an original study of maritime trade producing innovative data and metrics for policy outcomes; an extension of a regional typology for port governance policy frames; the application of path dependency theories to national policy evolution; and a study of labour interest group resistance to policy change
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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