23,801 research outputs found
The Battle of Vouillé, 507 CE
No full textThis volume highlights the heretofore largely neglected Battle of Vouillè in 507 CE, when the Frankish King Clovis defeated Alaric II, the King of the Visigoths. Clovis` victory proved a crucial step in the expulsion of the Visigoths from Francia into Spain, thereby leaving Gaul largely to the Franks. It was arguably in the wake of Vouillè that Gaul became Francia, and that "France began." The editors have united an international team of experts on Late Antiquity and the Merovingian Kingdoms to reexamine the battle from multiple as well as interdisciplinary perspectives. The contributions address questions of military strategy, geographical location, archaeological footprint, political background, religious propaganda, consequences (both in Francia and in Italy), and significance. There is a strong focus on the close reading of primary source-material, both textual and material, secular and theological
The Battle of Vouillé, 507 CE
No full textThis volume highlights the heretofore largely neglected Battle of Vouillè in 507 CE, when the Frankish King Clovis defeated Alaric II, the King of the Visigoths. Clovis` victory proved a crucial step in the expulsion of the Visigoths from Francia into Spain, thereby leaving Gaul largely to the Franks. It was arguably in the wake of Vouillè that Gaul became Francia, and that "France began." The editors have united an international team of experts on Late Antiquity and the Merovingian Kingdoms to reexamine the battle from multiple as well as interdisciplinary perspectives. The contributions address questions of military strategy, geographical location, archaeological footprint, political background, religious propaganda, consequences (both in Francia and in Italy), and significance. There is a strong focus on the close reading of primary source-material, both textual and material, secular and theological
CE Challenges: Work to Do
No full textCE has been used for more than two decades now. Despite many successes and advantages, there are still many challenges to be addressed. These challenges are both technical and organisational. In the paper we will address the current challenges of CE. Many challenges are related to the exchange of data and knowledge and to the systems that make data and knowledge exchange possible. Although much progress has been made in enabling extensive data and knowledge exchange and use, much remains to be wished. For example, there are still barriers to data exchange. Technically, these barriers may consist of different formats, differences in infrastructures and systems, and different semantics. There are also organisational and political barriers. For example, investment in information system may heavily impact upstream suppliers, while revenues of better information exchange may predominantly be gained by downstream actors. Without sharing costs and revenues, chain-wide information exchange will not be easily realised. Another barrier is the possible lack of willingness to share information, because of potential misuse of knowledge and loss of power. The paper is organised as follows. First we will describe the current manifestation of CE as described in a recent book. Second, we will list current trends in CE. Third, we will present some Critical Success Factors (CSFs) that are considered relevant for implementing and adapting CE practices. Last, we indicate some research and practical questions to be addressed, especially for areas that have a high potential and actual impact. </p
The Varus Battle in the Year 9 CE – or How to Escape the ‘Memory’ Trap
No full textIn 9 CE, after almost 30 years of struggle in Germania, the Roman
Empire suffered a tragic defeat. It resulted in the loss of the 17th, 18th and
19th legion and became known as clades variana, later as Varus Battle, Battle
of the Teutoburg Forest or as Hermannsschlacht . Over the centuries the
event acquired special significance due to its particular historical
circumstances, the historical re-interpretations since the 16th century and
the excavations at Kalkriese, which finally led to the erection of a museum on
site. Thus the Varus Battle may fulfill many of the criteria for a lieu de
mémoire, but a closer look reveals some constraints concerning the
applicability and appropriateness of this theoretical concept for the event in
question
Synthesis optimization and charge carrier transfer mechanism in LiLuSiO<sub>4</sub>:Ce, Tm storage phosphor
No full textLiLuSiO4:Ce and LiLuSiO4:Ce, Tm show very efficient charge carrier storage properties upon beta irradiation after samples have received treatment in vacuum. They outperform the commercial storage phosphor BaFBr(I):Eu2+ in many aspects. The influence of the synthesis conditions, Ce and Tm concentration, nonstoichiometry and codoping with Ca, Hf, Al and Ge are reported. Based on the results of the synthesis optimization, thermoluminescence (TL) emission and TL excitation spectra a mechanism of charge carrier transfer, storage, and recombination during irradiation and thermal or optical readout is proposed.Accepted Author ManuscriptRST/Fundamental Aspects of Materials and EnergyRST/Luminescence Material
After Tours: The Battle of the River Berre
No full textThe Battle of the River Berre, occurring in the years after the Battle of Tours, has not seen the same amount of scholarship as that defining battle of the century in Europe. The Umayyad Caliphate in Iberian continue to conduct military operations on the east side of the Pyrenees, controlling Narbonne and most of the province of Septimania, south of Aquitaine and west of Lombardy in the years after. The expansion of the Caliphate had continued almost unabated since 632 CE, controlling Arabia, Persia, the Near East, the Levant, Egypt, North Africa, and finally, the Iberian Peninsula. This astonishing expansion stopped due to internal factors that forced the dynasty to look inward for stability and, ultimately, its dissolution in 750 CE. The Berber Revolt in Tangiers and the Maghreb spread into al-Andalus. They continued until 743 CE, this instability combined with the internal political conflicts with the Caliphs from Damascus focused on consolidation, and an overall curtailment of military operations in Europe ended the expansion into Gaul.
In the campaign to control Septimania, Charles Martel and his successor Peppin they continued the Frankish military tradition of the shield-wall reinforced with mounted calvary troops that formed a reserve, mobile scouting force and maneuvering from centers of power in the regions before any military campaign. It was not until 759 CE when Charles Martel\u27s son and successor took back southern Gaul to the Frankish throne, Pepin III, or Pepin the Short. When Pepin recaptured Narbonne in 759 CE, the last Umayyad strongholds in western Europe, east of the Pyrenees, were taken. This operation, alongside others, was made possible by the defeat at the Battle of Tours/Poitiers and the barely remembered Battle of the River Berre in 737 CE. In that battle, Charles Martel\u27s Frankish forces defeated the Umayyad forces around Avignon and kept western Provence in the Frankish kingdom
The impact of P(NDI2OD-T2) crystalline domains on the open-circuit voltage of bilayer all-polymer solar cells with an inverted configuration
No full textWe fabricated P(NDI2OD-T2)/PTB7 bilayer all-polymer solar cells with an inverted configuration, where the annealing temperature was systematically varied. The current density-voltage behavior was investigated and the structural properties of the P(NDI2OD-T2) layers were characterized. Absorption spectroscopy, surface morphology, and crystallite analysis showed that increasing phase segregation of P(NDI2OD-T2) films occurred as the annealing temperature increased. We found that, as the P(NDI2OD-T2) stacking improved, with larger domains, the open-circuit voltage decreased and the saturation dark current density increased. This work provides a guide for the processing of P(NDI2OD-T2) layers to maximize the power conversion efficiency of all-polymer solar cells. (C) 2015 Author(s).open1186sciescopu
Data and code for: Variational Graph Author Topic Modeling
No full textThis is the tensorflow implementation of KDD-2022 paper "Variational Graph Author Topic Modeling" by Delvin Ce Zhang and Hady W. Lauw.
VGATM is a Graph Neural Network model that extracts interpretable topics for documents with authors and venues. Topics of documents then fulfill document classification, citation prediction, etc.
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Updated analytical solutions of continuity equation for electron beams precipitation – I. Pure collisional and pure ohmic energy losses
No full textWe present updated analytical solutions of continuity equations for power-law beam electrons precipitating in (a) purely collisional losses and (b) purely ohmic losses. The solutions of continuity equation (CE) normalized on electron density presented in Dobranskis & Zharkova are found by method of characteristics eliminating a mistake in the density characteristic pointed out by Emslie et al. The corrected electron beam differential densities (DD) for collisions are shown to have energy spectra with the index of −(γ + 1)/2, coinciding with the one derived from the inverse problem solution by Brown, while being lower by 1/2 than the index of −γ/2 obtained from CE for electron flux. This leads to a decrease of the index of mean electron spectra from −(γ − 2.5) (CE for flux) to −(γ − 2.0) (CE for electron density). The similar method is applied to CE for electrons precipitating in electric field induced by the beam itself. For the first time, the electron energy spectra are calculated for both constant and variable electric fields by using CE for electron density. We derive electron DD for precipitating electrons (moving towards the photosphere, μ = +1) and ‘returning’ electrons (moving towards the corona, μ = −1). The indices of DD energy spectra are reduced from −γ − 1 (CE for flux) to −γ (CE for electron density). While the index of mean electron spectra is increased by 0.5, from −γ + 0.5 (CE for flux) to −γ + 1(CE for electron density). Hard X-ray intensities are also calculated for relativistic cross-section for the updated differential spectra revealing closer resemblance to numerical Fokker–Planck (FP) solutions
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The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest commemorated: from the Arch of Germanicus to the Arminius Monument
No full textThis chapter considers the afterlife of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, in which three Roman legions were destroyed. It considers both literary representations of the Battle in ancient and modern sources, and its monumentalisation at Rome and in Germany. For the former, a digital reconstruction is used to illustrate the possible shape, location, and architectural treatment of a lost monumental archway and to consider questions of sightlines and architectural/topographical context
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