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Response to: the remarkably tight relationship between blood lactate concentration and muscle oxygen saturation.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondria in response to obesity and exercise in mice and humans
No full textSkeletal muscle mitochondria are highly plastic organelles, integral to whole-body health. High-fat diet (HFD) and exercise remodel the skeletal muscle mitochondria. Whereby, altered skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is linked to decreased skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity which can be reversed by exercise. However, the mechanisms that contribute to skeletal muscle remodeling in response to high-fat diet induced obesity, and exercise remain to be completely elucidated. The overall aim of this dissertation was to investigate the remodeling of skeletal mitochondria as a mechanism underlying respiratory function. The primary mechanisms of focus were the remodeling of skeletal muscle electron transferring flavoprotein (ETF) in female mice; the remodeling of skeletal muscle transcriptome and induction of autophagy in response to high-intensity interval training, in lean sedentary humans; and the underlying transcriptional patterns predictive of mitochondrial respiration in sedentary humans.
Exercise increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial lipid metabolism which may be mediated through stimulation of synthesis of ETF proteins. However, compared to males, female mice tend to have greater mitochondrial abundance and lipid respiration that may limit the adaptive response. Therefore, we determined mitochondrial remodeling for lipid respiration through ETF in the context of higher mitochondrial abundance/capacity seen in female mice. Female mice consumed HFD, or low-fat diet (LFD) for 4 weeks then remained sedentary (SED) or completed 8 weeks of treadmill training (EX). HFD increased absolute and relative lipid respiration capacity and RNA abundance for ETF, ETF, and ETFDH. HFD increased synthesis for ETF and ETFDH. EX increased synthesis of ETF and ETFDH. Higher synthesis rates of ETF were not always reflected in greater protein abundance. Greater synthesis of ETF during HFD indicates mitochondrial remodeling which may contribute to increases to mitochondrial lipid respiration through enhanced ETF quality. Longer aerobic training (6 weeks) increases mitochondrial protein abundance and respiration through mechanisms including increased mitochondrial protein synthesis and lowered oxidative damage. Such changes indicate training can increase mitochondrial abundance and quality over time. The short-term impact of training on abundance versus quality is less clear. Time-course studies demonstrate several sessions of exercise increase the abundance of transcription factors and proteins for mitochondria. Even a single session of exercise increases mitochondrial enzyme activity and respiration with negligible changes to mitochondrial protein abundance. Aerobic training remodels the quantity and quality (function per unit) of skeletal muscle mitochondria to promote substrate oxidation, however, there remain key gaps in understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for increases to mitochondrial respiration during initial training adaptations. Therefore, we determined changes to mitochondrial respiration and regulatory pathways that occur in response to short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT). HIIT increased respiration per mitochondrial protein for lipid, complex I, complex I+II, and complex II. 48 hours after the final HIIT bout gene sets of mitochondrial respiration, particularly for complex I were upregulated, while pathways of DNA and chromatin remodeling were downregulated. We tested the degradation of mitochondria as a mechanism for remodeling and determined lower abundance in proteins that are cleared through autophagy (p62 and LC3II) which indicate activation of degradation after 2 weeks of HIIT. The lower abundance occurred at the whole tissue level but not isolated mitochondria, indicating that degradation was widespread across cell components. Overall changes are consistent with increased protein quality driving rapid improvements in substrate oxidation.
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity is associated with whole-body health and endurance performance capacity. However, the underlying transcriptional patterns that explain interindividual differences in mitochondrial respiratory capacity in sedentary individuals remain unknown. Therefore, we determined the association between gene abundance and mitochondrial respiration in a cohort of sedentary human adults. We measured mitochondrial respiratory capacity for four distinct states (lipid, complex I, complex I & II, and complex II) and gene transcripts using RNA-sequencing We found that higher mitochondrial respiratory capacity to oxidize lipids was positively associated with higher abundance of translational pathways including ribosome, translational initiation, and elongation, and negatively associated with mitochondrial gene pathways including fatty acid oxidation, and TCA cycle indicating greater influence from translational control for lipid respiration. Furthermore, specific respiratory states did not have overlapping gene associations. Taken together, this data provides evidence that unique transcriptomic fingerprints are associated with different mitochondrial respiratory states.
The regulation of mitochondrial respiration occurs at the transcript, protein, and functional levels in response to high-fat diet, exercise, and in response to sedentary behavior. Altered skeletal muscle mitochondrial lipid metabolism observed with diet-induced obesity and/or aerobic exercise training is accompanied by remodeling of the electron-transferring flavoproteins which are important for the adaptative response of lipid respiration in female mice. The early adaptative response to exercise on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity are likely dependent on induction of remodeling pathways including activation of whole-cell degradation pathways and increased mRNA of gene pathways related to complex I, mitochondrial electron transfer capacity, and translational control that result in higher protein quality which precede changes to mitochondrial protein abundance. Lastly, unique skeletal muscle transcriptional patterns are predictive of distinct mitochondrial respiratory states in sedentary individuals at baseline. These observations further our understanding of regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial metabolism in response to various stresses. The adaptative response of the mitochondria to various environmental stresses remains an area ripe for future study
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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