1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
SEX DIFFERENCES ASSOCIATED WITH MIP-3α-ANTIGEN FUSION DNA VACCINE IN TUBERCULOSIS MODEL
Get PDFBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of global mortality. A
therapeutic DNA vaccine targeting RelMtb has been shown to increase the efficacy of
antitubercular drugs, and fusing macrophage-inflammatory protein 3α (MIP-3α to RelMtb)
further increases the vaccine’s therapeutic efficacy. A previous study in the laboratory
found that overall MIP-3α enhanced vaccine uptake and cell activation by iDCs. Female
mice showed greater levels of antigen presentation, especially in DCs able to cross
present antigen, explaining why they had the best outcomes. The current study
hypothesizes that females compared to males will show enhancement of genes associated
with CD8+ T cell recruitment and cross-presentation that are more pronounced with MIP
3α-antigen fusion vaccines and that females will have higher levels of immune cell
infiltration and Yae+ dendritic cells that are more pronounced with the vaccine construct
including MIP-3α.
Methods: To determine which genes might be contributing to the sex difference
phenotype qRT-PCR analysis was performed. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy of
the muscle was utilized to determine the amounts of GFP, Yae vaccine antigen, and
Cd11c+ dendritic cells at the site of vaccination.
Results: Most of the genes upregulated in MIP-3α females were chemokines involved in
immune cell motility and attracting cells to the node, while many of the genes that are
upregulated in males are important in monocyte-derived DC-driven T cell responses or
signal DC maturation. At the site of vaccination, Mip-EαGFP females had higher
ii
amounts of Cd11c+ signal, DAPI+ signal, and a higher percentage of DAPI+ signal that
is also Cd11c+ when compared to EαGFP females.
Conclusions: The Rel vaccine enhances TB bacterial clearance by antibiotics with a
female bias, and that fusion of MIP-3α enhances both the overall response and the sex
bias. The data supports the hypotheses that fusing MIP-3α to the antigen leads to better
targeting and activation of APCs at the vaccination site, and more dendritic cell and
immune cell infiltration in females. More research studying the mechanisms involved in
the sex differences is pivotal to fully understanding how vaccination elicits a more robust
immune response and how to best treat persistent TB
SEX DIFFERENCES ASSOCIATED WITH MIP-3α-ANTIGEN FUSION DNA VACCINE IN TUBERCULOSIS MODEL
Get PDFBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of global mortality. A
therapeutic DNA vaccine targeting RelMtb has been shown to increase the efficacy of
antitubercular drugs, and fusing macrophage-inflammatory protein 3α (MIP-3α to RelMtb)
further increases the vaccine’s therapeutic efficacy. A previous study in the laboratory
found that overall MIP-3α enhanced vaccine uptake and cell activation by iDCs. Female
mice showed greater levels of antigen presentation, especially in DCs able to cross
present antigen, explaining why they had the best outcomes. The current study
hypothesizes that females compared to males will show enhancement of genes associated
with CD8+ T cell recruitment and cross-presentation that are more pronounced with MIP
3α-antigen fusion vaccines and that females will have higher levels of immune cell
infiltration and Yae+ dendritic cells that are more pronounced with the vaccine construct
including MIP-3α.
Methods: To determine which genes might be contributing to the sex difference
phenotype qRT-PCR analysis was performed. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy of
the muscle was utilized to determine the amounts of GFP, Yae vaccine antigen, and
Cd11c+ dendritic cells at the site of vaccination.
Results: Most of the genes upregulated in MIP-3α females were chemokines involved in
immune cell motility and attracting cells to the node, while many of the genes that are
upregulated in males are important in monocyte-derived DC-driven T cell responses or
signal DC maturation. At the site of vaccination, Mip-EαGFP females had higher
ii
amounts of Cd11c+ signal, DAPI+ signal, and a higher percentage of DAPI+ signal that
is also Cd11c+ when compared to EαGFP females.
Conclusions: The Rel vaccine enhances TB bacterial clearance by antibiotics with a
female bias, and that fusion of MIP-3α enhances both the overall response and the sex
bias. The data supports the hypotheses that fusing MIP-3α to the antigen leads to better
targeting and activation of APCs at the vaccination site, and more dendritic cell and
immune cell infiltration in females. More research studying the mechanisms involved in
the sex differences is pivotal to fully understanding how vaccination elicits a more robust
immune response and how to best treat persistent TB
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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