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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Identification of a Hypothalamic Neural System That Can Reduce Body Weight and Adipose Mass in Diet-Induced Obesity
No full textIUIDynamic hypothalamic circuits balance energy intake with expenditure to protect individuals from obesity. Lasting negative energy balance, however, triggers a compensatory decrease in energy expenditure, hindering progressive weight loss. While we understand some key players underlying energy balance, the detailed neural underpinnings remain unclear. Here I will delineate the functional efferent circuitry from the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) that facilitates weight loss and prevents rebound weight gain.
VMN neurons have long been linked to a role in energy balance. Both vesicular communication by VMN steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) neurons and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) release from VMN neurons are essential for maintaining body weight and activating VMNSf1 neurons curbs diet-induced obesity without altering food intake. However, the exact pathway of this VMN signal is unclear because the VMN does not directly communicate with preganglionic sympathetic neurons, indicating signal transmission through an efferent node. Of the few brain sites they communicate with, VMNSf1 neurons sends the densest projections to the caudal preoptic area (POA) and the anterior bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST). Stimulating VMNPACAP axonal fibers in the caudal POA, but not anterior BNST, induced thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissues in both sexes of mice. To identify caudal POA populations in body weight regulation, I activated excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) caudal POA cells in diet-induced obese male mice and found that both glutamatergic and GABAergic caudal POA neurons can reduce diet-induced obesity through separate means. While there is intra-POA communication, my data supports efferent communication with separate downstream circuits by glutamate and GABA caudal POA cells in ameliorating diet-induced obesity.
Because the POA and BNST are extremely complex regions with diverse functions, I then employed deep transfer learning to pinpoint obesity and diabetes risk-associated cell subsets in the POA and BNST. Using single nuclei RNA sequencing on >200,000 nuclei from both sexes of mice, I identified 6 specialized sets of caudal POA and BNST neuronal subtypes that increased in obese and glucose-intolerant mice on a high-fat diet. Targeting these newly identified pathways and neuron subtypes could lead to future obesity and diabetes therapeutics
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Healthy lifestyle, disease prevention and health care utilization
Get PDFThis dissertation consists of three independent but related essays in the field of health economics. The two main focus areas of my dissertation include prevention through healthy lifestyle and dementia caregiving in the United States-implications for long-term care decisions. The first essay presents a theoretical characterization of individual investments in self-protection that mitigates the risk of future ill health and the interaction between market insurance and self-protection in reducing uncertain financial losses. It also examines the role of self-insurance (through saving) in offsetting future health costs. The results suggest that self-protection can be a substitute or complement for market insurance, and self- insurance and market insurance can coexist in lowering the severity of a potential future loss. The findings of this paper have implications for policymakers who want to encourage self-protective behavior to reduce the burdens of chronic and preventable illnesses. The second essay examines a set of lifestyle characteristics that are potential protective or risk factors for dementia and other cognitive impairments among older individuals in the U.S. The use of instrumental variables technique provides evidence in favor of a causal relationship between education and the risk of dementia. From a policy perspective the causality question is important for evaluation of the effectiveness of public expenditures on education. Some important lifestyle related risk factors are advancing age, an incidence of stroke, and a specific genetic make up. The final essay analyzes a sequence of individual characteristics of patients and family caregivers that jointly predict the optimal mix of informal and formal health care services utilized by dementia patients in this country. In addition, this study investigates the effect of a caregiver's satisfactions and gratifications on the provision of informal and formal care services. Results indicate that a measure of "altruism" is associated with an increased level of informal care and delays institutionalization. A patient's need for supervision help is an important predictor for both informal and all types of formal care services. These findings have profound social and health implications for extending publicly funded long-term care (LTC) resources and developing appropriate intervention policies to promote the well-being of patients and caregivers
Identification of a Hypothalamic Neural System That Can Reduce Body Weight and Adipose Mass in Diet-Induced Obesity
No full textIUIDynamic hypothalamic circuits balance energy intake with expenditure to protect individuals from obesity. Lasting negative energy balance, however, triggers a compensatory decrease in energy expenditure, hindering progressive weight loss. While we understand some key players underlying energy balance, the detailed neural underpinnings remain unclear. Here I will delineate the functional efferent circuitry from the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) that facilitates weight loss and prevents rebound weight gain.
VMN neurons have long been linked to a role in energy balance. Both vesicular communication by VMN steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) neurons and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) release from VMN neurons are essential for maintaining body weight and activating VMNSf1 neurons curbs diet-induced obesity without altering food intake. However, the exact pathway of this VMN signal is unclear because the VMN does not directly communicate with preganglionic sympathetic neurons, indicating signal transmission through an efferent node. Of the few brain sites they communicate with, VMNSf1 neurons sends the densest projections to the caudal preoptic area (POA) and the anterior bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST). Stimulating VMNPACAP axonal fibers in the caudal POA, but not anterior BNST, induced thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissues in both sexes of mice. To identify caudal POA populations in body weight regulation, I activated excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) caudal POA cells in diet-induced obese male mice and found that both glutamatergic and GABAergic caudal POA neurons can reduce diet-induced obesity through separate means. While there is intra-POA communication, my data supports efferent communication with separate downstream circuits by glutamate and GABA caudal POA cells in ameliorating diet-induced obesity.
Because the POA and BNST are extremely complex regions with diverse functions, I then employed deep transfer learning to pinpoint obesity and diabetes risk-associated cell subsets in the POA and BNST. Using single nuclei RNA sequencing on >200,000 nuclei from both sexes of mice, I identified 6 specialized sets of caudal POA and BNST neuronal subtypes that increased in obese and glucose-intolerant mice on a high-fat diet. Targeting these newly identified pathways and neuron subtypes could lead to future obesity and diabetes therapeutics
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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