14 research outputs found
Introducing in-house integrity testing into routine practise in a cochlear implant clinic
No full textPiloting the Recording of Electrode Voltages (REVS) using surface electrodes as a test to identify cochlear implant electrode migration, extra-cochlear electrodes and basal electrodes causing discomfort
No full textObjectives: To determine if Electrode Voltage (EV) measurements are potentially suitable as a test for detecting extra-cochlear electrodes in cochlear implants (CIs). Methods: EV measurements were made using surface electrodes in live mode in 17 adult cochlear implant (CI) users. Repeatability, the effects of stimulation level, CI active electrode position, (active) recording electrode position and stimulation mode (for Nucleus devices) were investigated. Results/discussion: Recordings made in monopolar mode showed good repeatability when the active recording electrode was placed on the ipsilateral earlobe; voltages increased linearly with stimulation level as expected. EVs for basal electrodes differed greatly between partially inserted/migrated devices, fully inserted devices with all electrodes activated, and those with deactivated basal electrodes [χ
2(2) = 10.2, p < 0.05 for the most basal electrode]. EVs for Nucleus devices were small for electrodes on the array when compared to those for monopolar return electrodes, except for the participant with extra-cochlear electrodes. We argue that fibrosis around the electrode array facilitated current flow across the round window in this case. Conclusion: The test appears to be a viable approach to detect electrode migration and extra-cochlear electrodes in adult CI users and may also be sensitive to discomfort caused by current leakage from the basal end of the cochlea.
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R13. Formulation development of loratadine immediate-release tablets using hot-melt extrusion coupled with 3d-printing technology
No full textCorresponding author (Pharmaceutics and Drug delivery): Sundus Hussain Omari, [email protected]://egrove.olemiss.edu/pharm_annual_posters/1012/thumbnail.jp
Investigating Facial Nerve Stimulation After Cochlear Implantation in Adult and Pediatric Recipients
No full textKamran Asdar Ali. Communism in Pakistan: Politics and Class Activism 1947- 1972. London, U.K.: I. B. Tauris & Co. Ltd./Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd. 2015. 304 pages. £ 59.00.
No full textThe book is divided into two parts consisting of eight
chapters, including the introductory and concluding chapters, and an
epilogue. It is a 304 page book including notes and references, which
are not only interesting but are very helpful for any reader interested
in the topic. The introductory chapter sets the stage for the reader,
introducing her to the diversity of nations living in the geographical
boundaries of Pakistan and points to the failure of their integration in
the state project. The author also touches upon the ethnic and
nationalistic struggles played out in Pakistan throughout history and
their relationship with the politics of the left. Furthermore, he
reiterates that mainstream discourse on Pakistan’s history presents the
struggle for separate nation in unified India as a struggle of a
monolith Muslim nation in the sub-continent largely ignoring the ethnic,
cultural and linguistic diversity of these Muslims, thereby undermining
their aspirations for freedom, self-determination and autonomy. The
Bengali and the Baloch freedom movements have been cited as examples of
what he calls the “collective amnesia” of the nation and notes that
resistance, or left-leaning, movements have also been largely ignored in
mainstream discourses on the history of Pakistan
Children in left-behind migrant households: education and gender equality
No full textThis paper analyses the effect of migration of men from rural areas in Pakistan on children in households “left behind” by the migrants. Left-behind households’ expenditure on children’s education and the gendered distribution of these expenditures are two outcomes of main interest. First, it is tested if left-behind households have higher overall expenditures on children’s education. Second, it is tested if migration of men from households reduces gender inequality in households’ expenditures on children’s education. This gendered distribution is analyzed by estimating the effect of migration on the share of households’ education expenditures spent on girls. Migration can affect these expenditures and its gendered distribution through various channels. Men’s migration may lead to women taking over household decisions regarding education expenditures. Migration may also transfer norms and alter peoples’ preferences such as those regarding children’s schooling. To differentiate between the channels two types of migration, permanent migration of men for employment creating “left-behind” households and temporary migration whereby male members migrate for employment for short periods during the year, have been considered. Transfer of norms is expected to operate through temporary migration episodes as well as via permanent migration, while the changes in women’s decision making is expected to operate via permanent migration when the men are absent. The effect of remittances has been further separated from the effect of migration. The paper uses longitudinal data from rural households in Pakistan with additional data collected from a sub-sample of the panel by the author. Fixed effects fixed effects model (FEM) is used to estimate these relationships, reducing endogeneity of migration. The results suggest that migrant and non-migrant households in the sample do not have significantly different expenditures on children’s schooling and education. This is true for both types of migration. Households that receive remittances have higher expenditures on children’s education. A noteworthy result is that left-behind households have girls’ shares that are higher as much as 18 percent than the average. This is not the case for households with temporary migrants, suggesting that women’s decision participation decreases gender inequality in households’ education expenditures. Heckman Selection Model has additionally been estimated to estimate the effect of the migration on households’ expenditure on girls’ education, considering the selection of households into sending girls to school. Heckman Selection model also suggests that left-behind households have higher per girl expenditures. The results of the selection model suggest that being a left-behind household is significantly positively associated with households’ expenditures on girls’ education
Empowerment of Girls and Women in Rural Pakistan : Migration, Decision-making and Consciousness
No full textThis thesis analyses the effect of migration of men on women and children left behind in rural households in Pakistan. Part one analyses the impact on left-behind women’s participation in household decisions and number of hours of work. In part two, the effect on children’s work, children’s education expenditures and on gender differentials in expenditures are analysed. In the last part, it is tested if participation of women in household decisions and women’s consciousness of gender equality, reduce gender differentials in households’ education expenditures. Analysis is based on longitudinal data of rural households in Pakistan (Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey, IFPRI & IDS, 2012; 2014). Additional data from a sub-sample of the panel collected by the author in the year 2017 has been appended to the panel. Results of the analyses suggest that men’s migration and remittances affect women’s participation in household decisions differently in extended family and nuclear family households. Women are more likely to participate in household’s expenditure decisions if they receive remittances. However, left-behind wives’ participation in households expenditure decisions increases due to remittances only in nuclear households. For agricultural production decisions, left-behind wives in nuclear family households are more likely, while those in extended family households are less likely to participate if they do not receive remittances. Migration of men reduces women’s time spent in households’ own enterprise-related and domestic work. Remittances lower hours spent by recipient women in paid and domestic work. However, left-behind wives in extended family households who do not receive remittances, spend more hours in domestic work. Migrant households do not have significantly higher expenditures on children’s education than non-migrant households. However, remittances increase households’ education expenditures. Independent of remittances, migrant households have higher share of education expenditures spent on education of girls. Girls are also more likely to be sent to school and receive higher education expenditures in migrant households. The analysis also suggests that households where women participate in decisions regarding children’s education have higher shares of expenditures spent on education of girls in the secondary school age group. Households where women participate in education decisions and exhibit consciousness towards gender equality in education, girl children are more likely to attend school. The results also suggest that households where women participate in decisions spend more on the education of girl children.Diese Arbeit analysiert die Auswirkungen der Migration von Männern auf Frauen und Kinder, die in ländlichen Haushalten in Pakistan zurückgelassen werden. Im ersten Teil werden die Auswirkungen auf die Beteiligung zurückgelassener Frauen an Haushaltsentscheidungen und deren Arbeit untersucht. Im zweiten Teil werden die Auswirkungen auf die Arbeit der Kinder, die Bildungsausgaben für Kindern und auf die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede bei den Ausgaben analysiert. Im letzten Teil wird geprüft, ob die Beteiligung von Frauen an Haushaltsentscheidungen und das Bewusstsein der Frauen für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede bei den Bildungsausgaben der Haushalte verringern. Die Analyse basiert auf Längsschnittdaten ländlicher Haushalte in Pakistan (Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey, IFPRI & IDS, 2012; 2014). Zusätzliche Daten aus einer Teilstichprobe des Panels, die der Autor im Jahr 2017 erhoben hat, wurden dem Panel beigefügt. Die Ergebnisse der Analysen deuten darauf hin, dass die Migration und Überweisungen von Männern die Beteiligung von Frauen an Haushaltsentscheidungen in Großfamilien- und Kernfamilienhaushalten unterschiedlich beeinflussen. Frauen sind eher an den Ausgabenentscheidungen der Haushalte beteiligt, wenn sie Rücküberweisungen erhalten. Jedoch nimmt die Beteiligung der zurückgelassenen Ehefrauen an den Ausgabenentscheidungen der Haushalte aufgrund von Rücküberweisungen nur in Kernfamilienhaushalten zu. Bei Entscheidungen über die landwirtschaftliche Produktion sind zurückbleibende Ehefrauen, wenn sie keine Rücküberweisungen erhalten, in Kernfamilienhaushalten wahrscheinlicher an Ausgabenentscheidungen beteiligt, als diese Frauen in Großfamilienhaushalten. Die Migration von Männern verringert die Zeit, die Frauen in Haushalten mit eigener Unternehmens- und Hausarbeit verbringen. Rücküberweisungen verringern die Stunden, die die Empfängerfrauen mit bezahlter Arbeit und Hausarbeit verbringen. Zurückgebliebene Ehefrauen in Großfamilienhaushalten, die keine Rücküberweisungen erhalten, verbringen jedoch mehr Stunden mit Hausarbeit. Migrantenhaushalte haben keine wesentlich höheren Ausgaben für die Ausbildung von Kindern als Nicht-Migrantenhaushalte. Allerdings erhöhen Rücküberweisungen die Bildungsausgaben der Haushalte. Unabhängig von Rücküberweisungen haben Migrantenhaushalte einen höheren Anteil an den Bildungsausgaben, die für die Bildung von Mädchen aufgewendet werden. Mädchen aus Migrantenhaushalten werden mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Schule geschickt und erhalten höhere Bildungsausgaben. Die Analyse deutet auch darauf hin, dass Haushalte, in denen Frauen an Entscheidungen über die Bildung von Kindern beteiligt sind, einen höheren Anteil an den Ausgaben für die Bildung von Mädchen im Sekundarschulalter haben. Haushalte, in denen Frauen an Bildungsentscheidungen beteiligt sind und ein Bewusstsein für die Gleichberechtigung der Geschlechter in der Bildung zeigen, haben eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass Mädchen die Schule besuchen. Die Ergebnisse deuten auch darauf hin, dass Haushalte, in denen Frauen an Entscheidungen beteiligt sind, mehr für die Bildung von Mädchen ausgeben
Strategi guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam pembinaan keagamaan siswa di SMAN 1 Kepanjen
No full textABSTRAK
Pendidikan agama dalam sekolah sangat penting untuk pembinaan dan penyempurnaan pertumbuhan kepribadian anak didik, karena pendidikan agama mempunyai dua aspek terpenting. Aspek pertama dari pendidikan agama adalah yang ditujukan kepada jiwa atau pembentukan kepribadian. Anak didik diberikan kesadaran kepada adanya Tuhan lalu dibiasakan melakukan perintah-perintah Tuhan dan meninggalkan larangan Nya.
Dalam hal ini anak didik dibimbing agar terbiasa berbuat yang baik, yang sesuai dengan ajaran agama. Aspek kedua dari pendidikan agama adalah yang ditujukan kepada pikiran yaitu pengajaran agama itu sendiri. Kepercayaan kepada Tuhan tidak akan sempurna bila isi dari ajaran-ajaran Tuhan tidak diketahui betul- betul. Anak didik harus ditunjukkan apa yang disuruh, apa yang dilarang, apa yang dibolehkan, apa yang dianjurkan melakukannya dan apa yang dianjurkan meninggalkannya menurut ajaran agama. Sehubungan dengan hal diatas maka dalam skripsi ini mengkaji tentang Strategi Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam Pembinaan Keagamaan Siswa di SMAN 1 Kepanjen.
Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu : (1) Apa saja upaya guru PAI dalam pembinaan keagamaan siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen?, (2) Bagaimana strategi guru PAI dalam pembinaan keagamaan siswa di SMA Negeri
1 Kepanjen?, (3) Bagaimana hasil dari pembinaan keagamaan siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen?. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pembinaan keagamaan siswa di SMA N 1 Kepanjen. (2). Untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi guru PAI dalam pembinaan keagamaan di SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen. (3). Untuk mengetahui hasil dari pembinaan keagamaan siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen.
Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu mengamati secara langsung objek yang dijadikan penelitian dan memahami bagaimana strategi guru PAI dalam pembinaan keagamaan siswa. Dalam pengumpulan data, penulis menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif yaitu berupa data-data tertulis lisan dari orang dan perilaku yang diamati sehingga dalam hal ini penulis berupaya mengadakan penelitian yang bersifat menggambarkan secara menyeluruh tentang keadaan yang sebenarnya. Selain itu, untuk mendukung uraian dari keadaan yang sebenarnya ada di lapangan, disini penulis sertakan tabel sebagai pelengkap data.
Dari hasil penelitian penulis menemukan upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru
PAI dalam pembinaan keagamaan yaitu mengoptimalkan pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam dan pendidikan keteladanan. Sedangkan strategi yang digunakan yaitu melalui kegiatan integrasi Imtaq dan Iptek, ekstrakurikuler,, penciptaan situasi yang kondusif, kerjasama sekolah dengan orang tua dan masyarakat.. Hasil dari pembinaan yang dilakukan oleh guru PAI sudah dirasa cukup baik. Meskipun masih ada kendala-kendala yang perlu diperhatikan.
ABSTRACT
Religious education in schools is critical to foster growth and improve students' personality, because religious education has two important aspects. The first aspect of religious education is addressed to the soul or personality formation. Students are given awareness to the existence of God then accustomed to do the commandments of God and left his ban. In this case the students are guided to get accustomed to do good thing, which according to religious teachings. The second aspect of religious education is addressed to the mind that is the teaching of religion itself. Belief in God will not be perfect when the content of the teachings of the Lord is not known completely. Students must be shown what they were told, what is forbidden, what allowable, what is recommended to do it and what is recommended to leave according to the teachings of religion. Relative to the above then the thesis examines the strategy of Islamic Religious Education Teachers (PAI) in Religious Guidance Students at SMAN 1 Kepanjen.
The formulation of the problem in this study are: (1) What are the efforts of PAI teachers in fostering religious students at SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen?, (2) How is the strategy of religious PAI teachers in coaching students in SMA Negeri 1
Kepanjen?, (3) How do the results of religious guidance of students at SMA
Negeri 1 Kepanjen?. The purpose of this study were (1) To find out how the religious guidance of students in SMAN 1 Kepanjen. (2). To find out how the strategy of PAI teachers in the guidance of religious in SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen. (3). To find out the results of religious development of students at SMAN 1
Kepanjen.
This study used descriptive qualitative research, namely to observe directly
the object used as a research and understand how the strategy of religious teachers in coaching students PAI. In collecting data, the authors used interviews, observation and documentation. Then analyzed using qualitative descriptive data that is written in the form of word of mouth from people and observed behavior, so in this case the author seeks to undertake research which describes the overall nature of the real situation. In addition, to support the description of the actual situation in the field, here the authors include a table as a data supplement. From the results of the study authors found the efforts made by PAI teachers in guidance is to optimize the learning of religious education of Islamic religious and educational ideals. While the strategy used is through IMTAQ and IPTEK integration activities, extracurricular activities, the creating of conducted situation, the cooperation between school, parents and society. The results of guidance is done by PAI teachers was considered good enough. Although there are still obstacles that need attention
Employing Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology to Enhance the Solubility of Cannabidiol (CBD)
No full textCorresponding author (Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery): Iman Taha, [email protected]://egrove.olemiss.edu/pharm_annual_posters_2022/1020/thumbnail.jp
Author Correction: Rapid adsorption of selenium removal using iron manganese-based micro adsorbent
No full text
