1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
No Factor Acts Alone: An Integrated Perspective on Norway Spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) Growth, Climate Sensitivity, and Drought Resilience in the High Tatra Mountains
Full text linkTree growth is governed by a complex interplay of intrinsic factors - such as species traits, size, and physiology - and extrinsic environmental drivers including climate and geophysical site conditions. In the context of accelerating climate change, rising temperatures and altered precipitation regimes are significantly reshaping forest dynamics, particularly through the increasing frequency and intensity of drought events. These climatic stressors influence not only tree growth rates but also forest composition, species interactions, and long-term ecosystem stability. While the role of climate and soil in tree growth has been widely studied, the influence of underlying bedrock geology - especially in conjunction with elevation and tree size - remains insufficiently explored. Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst), a dominant and economically vital species in European mountain forests, is especially vulnerable to drought stress, raising urgent questions about its resilience in a changing climate. This thesis, which is divided into three chapters, integrates different tree-ring parameters - Tree Ring Width (TRW), Basal Area Increment (BAI) and Maximum Latewood Density (MXD) - to examine how Norway spruce growth, responses to climate variability and extremes vary/differ across contrasting geological substrates (limestone vs. granitic) (Chapters II and III), elevations (forest vs. treeline) (Chapters II and III), and size classes (Chapters I, II and III) in the High Tatras of Slovakia.
In the first chapter, we explored the relationship between tree size and climate sensitivity in Norway spruce along an elevational gradient spanning treeline and forest sites. Tree cores were used to build artificial chronologies representing constant tree size classes, allowing an analysis of how tree size modulates climate sensitivity over time. Moving-window correlation analyses revealed non-stationary climate-growth relationships across all size classes. While temperature during the growing season remained a limiting factor, its influence shifted from June to July over recent decades. Notably, the largest trees exhibited an increasing sensitivity to late-summer drought (August–September) of the previous year, indicating a growing constraint of moisture availability on growth, even at temperature-limited treeline site.
The second chapter expands the analysis by incorporating geological heterogeneity, comparing growth-climate dynamics across granitic and limestone substrates. TRW and MXD chronologies were developed for multiple size classes (diameter at breast height) (DBH) at both treeline and forest elevations. Results showed that trees on limestone bedrock consistently had higher growth rates, while those on granitic bedrock displayed more pronounced climate sensitivity. Although climate remained the dominant driver of growth variability, signals weakened over time (non-stationarity) across all settings (geological conditions, elevation and tree sizes). Larger trees generally showed stronger climate-growth correlations, suggesting size-related physiological differences that modulate climate response. These findings underscore the interacting roles of bedrock geology, tree size, and climate in shaping growth dynamics.
In our third chapter, we investigate drought resilience in Norway spruce under varying environmental conditions, with a focus on the effects of elevation, size, and geology. Tree resilience was assessed through metrics such as resistance, recovery, and resilience indices derived from BAI and MXD. Small trees at the treeline showed the highest drought resistance, whereas larger forest trees exhibited better post-drought recovery. Geological substrate influenced these patterns, with trees on limestone showing greater resistance but slower recovery compared to those on granitic. Size emerged as a key predictor, with smaller trees outperforming larger ones in overall resilience. These results emphasize the importance of integrating environmental gradients and tree-level traits into adaptive forest management strategies under climate change.
Together, the findings of this thesis demonstrate that tree size, elevation, and bedrock geology interact to shape the growth dynamics, climate sensitivity, and drought resilience of Norway spruce in the Tatra Mountains. While these factors explain broad patterns, notable intra-site variability suggests that additional drivers - such as soil characteristics, microtopography, stand structure and composition, historical management, tree-level competition and localized disturbance events also influence tree responses. To better understand growth patterns and the mechanisms underlying individual and stand-level responses to climatic stress, future research should expand both spatially and methodologically, incorporating fine-scale environmental measurements and physiological indicators. A multiscale approach that integrates site, stand, and tree-level conditions is essential to improve predictions of forest responses to climate stress and to inform adaptive, climate-resilient forest management in mountain ecosystems.
Keywords: Norway spruce (Picea abies), tree growth, climate sensitivity, drought resilience, bedrock geology, elevation gradient, tree sizeDas Wachstum von Bäumen wird durch ein komplexes Zusammenspiel von intrinsischen Faktoren – wie Artmerkmale, Größe und Physiologie – und extrinsischen Umweltfaktoren wie Klima und geophysikalischen Standortbedingungen bestimmt. Vor dem Hintergrund des beschleunigten Klimawandels verändern steigende Temperaturen und veränderte Niederschlagsmuster die Dynamik der Wälder erheblich, insbesondere durch die zunehmende Häufigkeit und Intensität von Dürreereignissen. Diese klimatischen Stressfaktoren beeinflussen nicht nur das Baumwachstum, sondern auch die Zusammensetzung der Wälder, die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Arten und die langfristige Stabilität der Ökosysteme. Während die Rolle des Klimas und des Bodens für das Baumwachstum bereits umfassend untersucht wurde, ist der Einfluss des geologischen Untergrunds – insbesondere in Verbindung mit der Höhenlage und der Baumgröße – noch unzureichend erforscht. Die Fichte (Picea abies [L.] Karst), eine dominante und wirtschaftlich wichtige Baumart in den europäischen Bergwäldern, ist besonders anfällig für Trockenstress, was dringende Fragen hinsichtlich ihrer Widerstandsfähigkeit in einem sich wandelnden Klima aufwirft. Diese Arbeit, die in drei Kapitel gegliedert ist, integriert verschiedene Jahrringparameter- Jahrringbreite (TRW), Basalflächenzuwachs (BAI) und maximale Spätholzdichte (MXD), um zu untersuchen, wie das Wachstum der Fichte, ihre Reaktionen auf Klimavariabilität und -extreme auf unterschiedlichen geologischen Untergründen (Kalkstein vs. Granit) (Kapitel II und III), in unterschiedlichen Höhenlagen (Wald vs. Baumgrenze) (Kapitel II und III) und Größenklassen (Kapitel I, II und III) in der Hohen Tatra in der Slowakei variiert.
Im ersten Kapitel untersuchen wir den Zusammenhang zwischen Baumgröße und Klimasensitivität bei Fichten entlang eines Höhengradienten, der die Baumgrenze und Waldstandorte umfasst. Anhand von Bohrkernen wurden künstliche Chronologien erstellt, die konstante Baumgrößenklassen repräsentieren, um zu analysieren, wie die Baumgröße die Klimasensitivität im Laufe der Zeit moduliert. Moving-Window-Korrelationsanalysen ergaben nicht-stationäre Beziehungen zwischen Klima und Wachstum über alle Größenklassen hinweg. Während die Temperatur während der Vegetationsperiode ein begrenzender Faktor blieb, verlagerte sich ihr Einfluss in den letzten Jahrzehnten von Juni auf Juli. Bemerkenswert ist, dass die größten Bäume eine zunehmende Sensitivität gegenüber Dürre im Spätsommer (August-September) des Vorjahres zeigten, was auf einen zunehmenden Einfluss der Feuchtigkeitsverfügbarkeit auf das Wachstum hindeutet, selbst an temperaturlimitierten Baumgrenzstandorten.
Das zweite Kapitel erweitert die Analyse um geologische Heterogenität und vergleicht die Wachstums-Klima-Dynamik auf Granit- und Kalksteinsubstraten. TRW- und MXD-Chronologien wurden für verschiedene Größenklassen (Brusthöhendurchmesser) (BHD) sowohl an der Baumgrenze als auch an Waldstandorten entwickelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Bäume auf Kalksteinsubstrat durchweg höhere Wachstumsraten aufwiesen, während Bäume auf Granit eine ausgeprägtere Klimasensitivität zeigten. Obwohl das Klima der dominierende Faktor für die Wachstumsvariabilität blieb, schwächten sich die Signale im Laufe der Zeit in allen Settings (geologische Bedingungen, Höhe und Baumgröße) ab (Nichtstationarität). Größere Bäume zeigten im Allgemeinen stärkere Korrelationen zwischen Klima und Wachstum, was auf größenbedingte physiologische Unterschiede hindeutet, die die Klimareaktion modulieren. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die wechselseitigen Wirkungen des geologischen Untergrunds, der Baumgröße und des Klimas auf die Wachstumsdynamik.
In unserem dritten Kapitel untersuchen wir die Trockenheitsresistenz von Fichten unter verschiedenen Umweltbedingungen, mit einem Fokus auf den Auswirkungen von Höhenlage, Größe und Geologie. Die Resilienz der Bäume wurde anhand von Kennzahlen wie Widerstandsfähigkeit, Erholungsfähigkeit und Resilienzindizes bewertet, die aus BAI und MXD abgeleitet wurden. Kleine Bäume an der Baumgrenze zeigten die höchste Trockenheitsresistenz, während größere Waldbäume eine schnellere Erholung nach Trockenheit aufwiesen. Das geologische Substrat beeinflusste diese Muster, wobei Bäume auf Kalkstein eine größere Widerstandsfähigkeit, aber eine langsamere Erholung zeigten als Bäume auf Granit. Die Größe erwies sich als wichtiger Prädiktor, wobei kleinere Bäume eine bessere Gesamtresilienz zeigten als größere Bäume. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Integration von Umweltgradienten und Baummerkmalen in adaptive Waldbewirtschaftungsstrategien unter dem Einfluss des Klimawandels.
Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit, dass die Baumgröße, Höhenlage und Geologie des Untergrunds im Zusammenspiel die Wachstumsdynamik, Klimasensitivität und Trockenheitsresilienz der Fichte in der Hohen Tatra beeinflussen. Während diese Faktoren allgemeine Muster erklären, deuten bemerkenswerte Standortvariabilitäten darauf hin, dass zusätzliche Faktoren – wie Bodeneigenschaften, Mikrotopografie, Bestandsstruktur und -zusammensetzung, historische Bewirtschaftung, Konkurrenz auf Baumebene und lokale Störungsereignisse – ebenfalls die Reaktionen der Bäume beeinflussen. Um die Wachstumsmuster und die Mechanismen, die den Reaktionen einzelner Bäume und Bestände auf klimatischen Stress zugrunde liegen, besser zu verstehen, sollten zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten sowohl räumlich als auch methodisch erweitert werden und hochaufgelöste Umweltmessungen und physiologische Indikatoren einbeziehen. Ein multiskaliger Ansatz, der die Bedingungen auf Standort-, Bestands- und Baumebene integriert, ist unerlässlich, um die Vorhersagen über die Reaktionen der Wälder auf klimatischen Stress zu verbessern und eine adaptive, klimaresistente Waldbewirtschaftung in Bergökosystemen zu ermöglichen.
Stichworte: Fichte (Picea abies), Baumwachstum, Klimasensitivität, Trockenheitsresistenz, geologischer Untergrund, Höhengradient, Baumgröß
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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