2,037,734 research outputs found
M270 DynaBeads Streptavidin with biotinylated BSA Droplets in Dual Phase Lab-in-Tubing Microfluidics
No full textDroplets consisting of Dynabeads M-270 Streptavidin (Invitrogen) and 10 mg of VECTB2007 biotinylated bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Vector Laboratories) at varying concentrations (Control, 2.5µg/mL, 5µg/mL, 10µg/mL, 20µg/mL, 40µg/mL) in dual-phase microfluidics at 50µL/min flowrate. Non-biotinylated BSA in PBS buffer is used as the negative control
Qari Mesir yang disegani: Sheikh Abdul Basit Muhammad Abdul Samad / Nurhafizah Ahmad and Fadzilawani Astifar Alias
No full textMesir mempunyai ramai qari terkenal yang memberi sumbangan besar kepada dunia penyebaran ilmu al-Quran. Generasi al Quran yang muncul di Mesir adalah kerana persekitaran yang kondusif untuk mempelajari dan mendalami ilmu al Quran. Terdapat ramai qari Mesir yang terkenal, antaranya ialah Sheikh Muhammad Siddiq Al Minshawi, Sheikh Mahmud Khalil Al Husari dan Sheikh Abdul Basit Muhammad Abdul Samad. Mari kita kenali qari Mesir yang telah memberi sumbangan besar dalam ilmu al Quran, iaitu Sheikh Abdul Basit Muhammad Abdul Samad
cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 innate immunity pathway can regulate chromosomal instability in a p21-dependent manner
No full textChromosomal instability (CIN) in cancer cells has been reported to activate the cGAS-STING innate immunity pathway via micronuclei formation, thus affecting tumor immunity and tumor progression. However, converse effects of the cGAS/STING pathway per se on CIN have not yet been investigated. I addressed this issue using knockdown and add-back of each component of the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway, and monitored the extent of CIN by measuring micronuclei formation after release from nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest. Interestingly, knockdown of cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) along with induction of mitotic arrest in HeLa and U2OS cancer cells clearly resulted in an increased micronucleus phenotype and chromosome missegregation. Knockdown of STING (stimulator of interferon genes), TBK1 (TANK binding kinase-1), or IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor-3) also increased micronuclei formation. Moreover, transfection of cGAMP, the product of cGAS enzymatic activity, as well as add-back of cGAS WT (but not catalytic-dead mutant cGAS), or WT or constitutively active STING (but not an inactive STING mutant) rescued the micronuclei phenotype, demonstrating that all components of the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway play a role in preventing CIN. Moreover, p21 levels were decreased in cGAS-, STING-, TBK1- and IRF3-knockdown cells in association with precocious G2/M transition and an enhanced micronuclei phenotype. Overexpression of p21 or inhibition of CDK1 in cGAS-depleted cells reduced micronuclei formation and abrogated precocious G2/M transition, indicating that the decrease in p21 and subsequent precocious G2/M transition is the main mechanism underlying the induction of CIN by defective cGAS/STING signaling.I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 14
A. Antibodies 14
B. Cell culture 14
C. Synchronization and drug treatment 15
D. Plasmids and transfection experiments 16
E. Knock-down experiments 16
F. Immunoblotting 17
G. Immunocytochemistry 18
H. Time-lapse analysis 18
I. Mitotic index 19
J. Statistical analysis 19
III. RESULTS 20
A. Investigating cGAS/STING pathway to choose best suited cancer cell-line for my experimental setting 20
B. cGAS add-back can rescue cells from cGAS-depletion induced CIN 22
C. cGAS down-regulation augments chromosomal missegregations 26
D. Micronuclei formation is regulated by enzymatic activity of cGAS 29
E. STING plays mediating role to maintain chromosomal stability 32
F. Depletion of TBK1 or IRF3 also enhanced CIN phenotypes 35
G. p21 expression levels are dependent on cGAS/STING pathway 37
H. p21 as a principal regulator in maintaining chromosomal integrity via cGAS/STING pathway 42
IV. DISCUSSION 47
V. CONCLUSION 52
REFERENCES 53Maste
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ARCHITECTED MATERIALS FOR FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES
No full textQuesta tesi analizza l'influenza della morfologia dei nanomateriali e dell'ingegneria interfacciale sulla dinamica del trasferimento di carica in sistemi eterostrutturati. Lo studio inizia con una valutazione sistematica di nanoparticelle di TiO2 e di array di nanotubi di TiO2 (TNTAs), rivelando che i TNTAs in fase anatase con un'altezza ottimizzata di 8 μm mostrano un'attività superiore nella reazione di evoluzione dell'idrogeno (HER), grazie a percorsi di trasporto di carica migliorati e a proprietà elettroniche favorevoli. Successivamente, è stato esplorato il ruolo della chimica superficiale nel controllo del trasferimento di carica interfacciale utilizzando nanocristalli di perovskite CsPbBr3 (PNCs) con lunghezze di catena dei leganti controllate. I leganti a catena corta hanno facilitato un trasferimento elettronico più efficiente verso le nanostrutture di TiO2, con gli array di nanotubi che hanno superato le pellicole di nanoparticelle nelle configurazioni allo stato solido. Le perovskiti drogati con Mn hanno ulteriormente evidenziato il comportamento di quenching dipendente dalla morfologia del TiO2, sebbene approfondimenti più dettagliati sulla dinamica dei portatori di carica richiedano tecniche spettroscopiche avanzate. Infine, i quantum dots core–shell CdTe/CdSe sono stati interfaccati con morfologie di TiO2, rivelando comportamenti contrastanti tra le fasi in soluzione e in film sottile. In soluzione, le nanoparticelle di TiO2 hanno promosso un quenching più marcato, mentre nei film sottili, i TNTAs hanno consentito un'estrazione di carica più efficiente e un trasporto direzionale, portando a una degradazione fotocatalitica efficace del colorante Rhodamine B in soluzione acquosa. Complessivamente, questo lavoro dimostra che l'ottimizzazione della morfologia, della fase e della chimica superficiale dei nanomateriali è fondamentale per migliorare i processi di trasferimento di carica e l'attività fotocatalitica. Le conoscenze acquisite offrono una strada per la progettazione di nanostrutture ibride ad alte prestazioni per la generazione fotocatalitica di idrogeno e per applicazioni optoelettroniche correlate.This thesis investigates the influence of nanomaterial morphology and interfacial engineering on charge transfer dynamics in a heterostructure system. The study begins with a systematic evaluation of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanotube arrays (TNTAs), revealing that anatase-phase TNTAs with an optimized height of 8 μm exhibit superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, driven by enhanced charge transport pathways and suitable morphology. Subsequently, the role of surface chemistry in governing interfacial charge transfer was explored using CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) with controlled ligand chain lengths. Short-chain ligands facilitated more effective electron transfer to TiO2 nanostructures, with nanotube arrays outperforming nanoparticle films in solid-state configurations. Mn-doped perovskites further highlighted the morphology-dependent quenching behaviour of TiO2, though deeper insights into charge carrier dynamics require advanced spectroscopic techniques. Finally, CdTe/CdSe core–shell quantum dots were interfaced with TiO2 morphologies, revealing contrasting behaviours between solution and thin-film phases. In solution, TiO2 nanoparticles promoted stronger quenching, while in thin films, TNTAs enabled more efficient charge extraction and directional transport leading to efficient photocatalytic degradation of aqueous Rhodamine B dye. Collectively, this work demonstrates that fine-tuning nanomaterial morphology, phase, and surface chemistry is critical to optimizing charge transfer processes and photocatalytic activity. The insights gained may provide a pathway for designing high-performance, hybrid nanostructures for photocatalysis and other optoelectronic applications
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