3 research outputs found
That Scent Evokes an Image—On the Impact of Olfactory Cues on User Image Recall in Digital Multisensory Environments
No full textCopyright © 2023 The Author(s). In traditional digital filing systems, people mostly use text as a key to categorise images, and retrieve them in the future. The use of other media as keys for image retrieval is rarely used, notwithstanding that multisensory digital media – mulsemedia – can be harnessed to improve users’ performance and help them to retrieve their images. In this respect, olfactory media (engaging the sense of smell) is an example, as people can categorise their images by using congruent olfactory media. Accordingly, we investigated the impact of employing olfactory media as a key for retrieving a set of images. Moreover, we also studied the impact of the usage of olfactory media in this context on a user’s performance and Quality of Experience (QoE). To this end, we developed an olfactory-enhanced application (SCENT2IMAGE) in which olfactory media was emitted alongside a 5X5 matrix of images, of which users had to recognize 4 images congruent with the emitted scents. Furthermore, we developed a word-only version of the application (WORD2IMAGE) in which words alone were used as an equivalent key instead of olfactory media. Forty-four participants were invited and took part in our experiment, evenly split into a control and experimental group. Results highlight that using olfactory media does have a significant impact on user performance by helping them find related images. Moreover, using olfactory effects in this context was also found to enhance user QoE. Lastly, our findings underscore that users were willing to use olfactory-enhanced applications for categorizing/retrieving their albums and images...
When Scents Help Me Remember My Password
No full textPublisher version is definitive and accessible via DOI | The full text file is the author versionCurrent authentication processes overwhelmingly rely on audiovisual data, comprising images, text or audio. However, the
use of olfactory data (scents) has remained unexploited in the authentication process, notwithstanding their verified potential
to act as cues for information recall. Accordingly, in this paper, a new authentication process is proposed in which olfactory
media are used as cues in the login phase. To this end, PassSmell, a proof of concept authentication application, is developed
in which words and olfactory media act as passwords and olfactory passwords, respectively. In order to evaluate the potential
of PassSmell, two different versions were developed, namely one which was olfactory-enhanced and another which did not
employ olfactory media. Forty-two participants were invited to take part in the experiment, evenly split into a control and
experimental group. For assessment purposes, we recorded the time taken to logon as well as the number of failed/successful
login attempts; we also asked users to complete a Quality of Experience (QoE) questionnaire. In terms of time taken, a
significant difference was found between the experimental and the control groups, as determined by an independent sample
t-test. Similar results were found with respect to average scores and the number of successful attempts. Regarding user QoE,
having olfactory media with words influenced the users positively, emphasizing the potential of using this kind of authentication
application in the future
A Novel and Robust Hybrid Blockchain and Steganography Scheme
No full textData security and data hiding have been studied throughout history. Studies show that steganography and encryption methods are used together to hide data and avoid detection. Large amounts of data hidden in the cover multimedia distort the image, which can be detected in visual and histogram analysis. The proposed method will solve two major drawbacks of the current methods: the limitation imposed on the size of the data to be hidden in the cover multimedia and low resistance to steganalysis after stego-operation. In the proposed method, plaintext data are divided into fixed-sized bits whose corresponding matching bits’ indices in the cover multimedia are accumulated. Thus, the hidden data are composed of the indices in the cover multimedia, causing no change in it, thus enabling considerable amounts of plaintext to be hidden. The proposed method also has high resistance to known steganalysis methods because it does not cause any distortion to the cover multimedia. The test results show that the performance of the proposed method outperforms similar conventional stenographic techniques. The proposed Ozyavas–Takaoglu–Ajlouni (OTA) method relieves the limitation on the size of the hidden data, and hidden data is undetectable by steganalysis because it is no longer embedded in the cover multimedia
